What are the risk factors of malaria?

Known risk factors for malaria include low utilization of Insecticidal Treated bed Nets (ITNs), low utilization of Indoor Residual Spray (IRS), availability of multiple mosquito breeding sites or stagnant water sites near the home, and staying outdoors overnight [8–11].

What are the environmental risk factors of malaria?

Environmental factors such as the presence of bushes and stagnant water around homes, rainfall, low altitude and high temperatures favor the breeding of malaria vectors, as well as parasite reproduction within them [4], while increased urbanization tends to reduce the rate of Anopheles breeding.

What are the risk factors of malaria in pregnancy?

Socio-demographic factors (residence, illiteracy, non-availability and non-compliance to use of long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets and lack of access to antimalaria prophylaxis during pregnancy) are factors contributing to prevalence of malaria among pregnant African women.

What are the main causes of malaria?

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, called “malaria vectors.” There are 5 parasite species that cause malaria in humans, and 2 of these species – P. falciparum and P.

Which organ is most affected in malaria?

Beyond the brain, the lungs are the most affected organ in severe malaria. Lung dysfunction occurs in 20% of all cases of adults with falciparum [3] or vivax [27] severe malaria.

What is the best treatment for malaria?

The best available treatment, particularly for P. falciparum malaria, is artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT).

What precautions should be taken to prevent malaria?

Some of the most common methods to prevent malaria are:

Applying mosquito repellents.
Always using mosquito nets over the bed.
Wear long sleeves clothes that cover your arms and legs completely.
Screen your doors and windows, especially during the evenings.
Opt for loose-fitted clothes instead of tight ones.

What food should a malaria patient eat?

Eating soups, stews or drinking fruit juices or dal water, coconut water, etc. are important. Vitamin C and A rich foods such as papaya, beetroots, and other citrus foods etc. with vitamin B complex are important for a malaria patient.

How can we prevent malaria?

Protection from mosquitoes

Apply insect repellent to exposed skin.
Wear long-sleeved clothing and long pants if you are outdoors at night.
Use a mosquito net over the bed if your bedroom is not air-conditioned or screened.
Spray an insecticide or repellent on clothing, as mosquitoes may bite through thin clothing.

What are the causes symptoms and prevention of malaria?

Common symptoms of malaria include:

shaking chills that can range from moderate to severe.
high fever.
profuse sweating.
headache.
nausea.
vomiting.
abdominal pain.
diarrhea.

What should not eat in malaria?

Foods that need to be avoided by malaria patients are:-

A high fibre foods such as whole grain cereals, green leafy vegetables, thick skin fruits, etc.
Fried foods, processed foods, junk foods, oily and spicy foods, pickle, etc.
Excess intake of tea, coffee, cocoa and other caffeinated beverages, etc.

What are the 5 types of malaria?

Five species of Plasmodium (single-celled parasites) can infect humans and cause illness:

Plasmodium falciparum (or P. falciparum)
Plasmodium malariae (or P. malariae)
Plasmodium vivax (or P. vivax)
Plasmodium ovale (or P. ovale)
Plasmodium knowlesi (or P. knowlesi)

What diseases are similar to malaria?

In particular, babesiosis — a disease that mimics malaria — is catching up with Lyme disease in some communities. “Lyme disease is the big boy on the block,” Dr. Peter Krause, an infectious disease specialist at the Yale School of Public Health, tells Shots. “But now babesiosis is spreading in a similar pattern.”

Which type of disease is malaria?

Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. People who have malaria usually feel very sick with a high fever and shaking chills.

What are the stages of malaria?

The malaria paroxysm comprises three successive stages. The first is a 15-to-60 minute cold stage characterized by shivering and a feeling of cold. Next comes the 2-to-6 hour hot stage, in which there is fever, sometimes reaching 41°C, flushed, dry skin, and often headache, nausea, and vomiting.

What are the four symptoms of malaria?

Symptoms of malaria include fever and flu-like illness, including shaking chills, headache, muscle aches, and tiredness. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. Malaria may cause anemia and jaundice (yellow coloring of the skin and eyes) because of the loss of red blood cells.

Is malaria viral or bacterial?

A: Malaria is not caused by a virus or bacteria. Malaria is caused by a parasite known as Plasmodium, which is normally spread through infected mosquitoes. A mosquito takes a blood meal from an infected human, taking in Plasmodia which are in the blood.

Can malaria go away by itself?

With proper treatment, symptoms of malaria usually go away quickly, with a cure within two weeks. Without proper treatment, malaria episodes (fever, chills, sweating) can return periodically over a period of years. After repeated exposure, patients will become partially immune and develop milder disease.

Which antibiotic is best for malaria?

ACT is a combination of two or more drugs that work against the malaria parasite in different ways. This is usually the preferred treatment for chloroquine-resistant malaria….Medications

Atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone)
Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin) with doxycycline (Oracea, Vibramycin, others)
Primaquine phosphate.

Is paracetamol good for malaria?

These data suggest that paracetamol has no antipyretic benefits over mechanical antipyresis alone in P falciparum malaria. Moreover, paracetamol prolongs parasite clearance time, possibly by decreased production of TNF and oxygen radicals.

Can malaria be cured by antibiotics?

Antibiotics can be used in areas where parasites are resistant to standard anti-malarial drugs. This difference in modes of action also implies that antibiotics can be a good partner for combination.

Can syphilis be cured by antibiotics?

A short course of antibiotics can usually cure syphilis. These are only available on prescription, so you’ll need to be tested for syphilis to get them. The type of treatment you need depends on how long you’ve had syphilis.

Is Coartem an antibiotic?

The other is lumefantrine, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that stays in the body for about seven days. Coartem is the most effective treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, the more lethal form. Artemether is a very potent, but fast-clearing drug, which is why you take both it and lumefantrine.

What is the side effect of Coartem?

Headache, dizziness, loss of appetite, weakness, fever, chills, tiredness, muscle/joint pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cough, and trouble sleeping may occur.

What is Coartem used to treat?

About Coartem ARTEMETHER; LUMEFANTRINE is an antimalarial agent. It is used to treat malaria infections.

What is the work of Coartem?

Coartem (artemether/lumefantrine) is an antimalarial medication used to treat non-severe malaria. Coartem does not prevent malaria.

Does antimalarial have side effects?

GP Dr Jeff Foster says: “The most common side effects with antimalarials affect more than one in 10 people. For instance, with Malarone, these very common side effects can include headache, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhoea.

Why is Coartem taken with milk?

Administration: Coartem is taken twice daily, for a total of six doses. Each dose consists of one to four tablets, depending on body weight. To enhance absorption, the drug should be taken with high-fat food or drinks such as milk.

Does malaria cause sleeplessness?

During this era, mild chronic or intermittent malaria infection had also become associated with symptoms of “neurasthenia”, including depression, irritability, anxiety, and insomnia [10].

What are the long term side effects of malaria?

If malaria is left untreated, it could result in anemia, jaundice, mental confusion, kidney failure, a coma, seizures and even death.