What are the theories of fear?
Fear is considered normal when it is proportionate to the level of danger inherent in a situation and phobic when the level of fear experienced is unreason- able given the danger posed by a stimulus. Current cognitive theories focus on expected outcomes as central to the prediction of fear and avoidance.
What Freud said about fear?
As opposed to neurotic fear, Freud states that real fear appears to be a rational response to an external danger, and the expression of the instinct of self-preservation, but this theory should be “thoroughly revised” (p. 341).
Which theory best explains phobias?
According to the learning theory, phobias develop when fear responses are reinforced or punished. 2 Both reinforcement and punishment can be positive or negative. Positive reinforcement is the presentation of something positive, such as a parent rewarding a child for staying away from a snake.
How does the cognitive perspective explain fear?
According to the cognitive perspective, one creates coping responses by transforming the anxiety into fear, and develops a plan to deal with it, which will create a sense of security. State and trait anxiety refers to the personality traits of an individual.
Why is the cognitive approach useful?
The cognitive approach has a key advantage of practical and useful applications, but a key disadvantage of not being able to observe the supposed causes of behaviour. The scientific nature of the approach is one worthy of discussing as it can be both a strength and weakness, as is its reductionist nature.
What does the word fittest mean?
Survival of the fittest
What does survival of the fittest mean simple?
phrase. You can use the survival of the fittest to refer to a situation in which only the strongest people or things continue to live or be successful, while the others die or fail.
What do we mean by survival of the fittest?
: the natural process by which organisms best adjusted to their environment are most successful in surviving and reproducing : natural selection Our house sits in the middle of the woods, with poisonous snakes in the grass and snapping turtles in the ponds, where the survival of the fittest punctuates each day.—
Who gave survival of the fittest?
Herbert Spencer
What are some examples of survival of the fittest?
In a habitat there are red bugs and green bugs. The birds prefer the taste of the red bugs, so soon there are many green bugs and few red bugs. The green bugs reproduce and make more green bugs and eventually there are no more red bugs.