What are weak ties in sociology?

What are weak ties in sociology?

Weak tie theory is the proposition that acquaintances are likely to be more influential than close friends, particularly in social networks. (Weak ties that connect social networks are sometimes called bridges.) Absent ties are connections that might be expected to exist but don’t.

What is ingroup and outgroup?

In sociology and social psychology, an in-group is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. By contrast, an out-group is a social group with which an individual does not identify.

What type of social group is sports team?

Secondary groups (social groups) Such groups can be understood to be ones in which individuals exchange explicit commodities (e.g. labour for wage, service for payment, etc.). Examples include study groups, sports teams, schoolmates, attorney-client, doctor-patient, coworkers, etc.

What is the root of a Cladogram?

The root is the central trunk of a cladogram that indicates the ancestor common to all groups branching from it. A cladogram uses branching lines that end in a clade, which is a group of organisms sharing a common hypothetical ancestor. The points where the lines intersect are the common ancestors and are called nodes.

What does a phylogenetic tree show you that a Cladogram does not?

Phylogenetic trees are based on morphological characters and genetic relationship of the organism. Cladogram is drawn with equal-length. The length of the branch does not represent an evolutionary distance. Branch length of a Phylogenetic tree indicates the evolutionary distance.

How would you build and interpret a Cladogram?

1. Step 1: Pick Organisms for Your Cladogram.
2. Step 2: Pick One Ancestral and One Derived Characteristic to Designate the Outgroup.
3. Step 3: Pick Derived Characteristics for the Ingroup (Part 1)
4. Step 4: Pick Derived Characteristics for the Ingroup (Part 2)
5. Step 5: Pick Derived Characteristics for the Ingroup (Summary)

What is Cladogram in taxonomy?

A cladogram (from Greek clados “branch” and gramma “character”) is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it.