What conditioning refers to a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus to change an association?
Psychology Chapter 6 Key Terms and Definitions
| A | B |
|---|---|
| Aversive Conditioning | A form of treatment that consists of repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus. |
| Habituation | Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations. |
Why is the dog’s salivation reflex to the food called an unconditioned response?
Pavlov had the idea that dogs do not need to learn certain things, such as salivating when they see food. He said these reflexes are hard-wired into dogs. He coined the dog’s food as an unconditioned stimulus and the salivation as an unconditioned response – this response did not require any learning on the dog’s part.
Which of the following processes is equivalent to a roller coaster ride that gradually flattens out?
Which of the following processes is equivalent to a roller-coaster ride that gradually flattens out? extinction is to habituation.
How is hunger an occasion setter?
Hunger is an “occasion setter” in the sense that: Events are not capable of being reinforced when we are in disequilibrium It explicitly reminds you of certain occasions Food is only reinforcing if hunger is present Food is scarce, and, therefore, ensures we will constantly be hungry.
How could you decrease the speed of a roller coaster?
The force of gravity pulling a roller coaster down hill causes the roller coaster to go faster and faster, it is accelerating. The force of gravity causes a roller coaster to go slower and slower when it climbs a hill, the roller coaster is decelerating or going slower.
How does Newton’s second law apply to a roller coaster?
In a roller coaster, Newton’s second law is a key component. When the cart begins to fall over the first large hill gravity provides the acceleration needed to go through the rest of the ride. This force is felt by the riders throughout the whole ride.
What factors do not affect the final speed of a roller coaster?
What factors do notaffect the final speed of a roller coaster? The height of the hills andthe number of hills do not effect the final speed of a roller coaster.
Why can’t a roller coaster go higher than the first hill?
The first hill of a roller coaster is always the highest point of the roller coaster because friction and drag immediately begin robbing the car of energy. At the top of the first hill, a car’s energy is almost entirely gravitational potential energy (because its velocity is zero or almost zero).
Why does a roller coaster have no engine?
Roller coasters have no engines. The roller coaster cars gain potential energy as they are pulled to the top of the first hill. As the cars descend the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. The coaster cars have the maximum kinetic energy they will ever have throughout the ride.
Why the loop on a roller coaster must always be shorter than the first big hill?
The total energy never goes up, only down, due to frictional losses, and so the maximum hill the cars can climb gets smaller and smaller. Putting a bigger hill later on will only make the roller coaster cars roll back down the way it came.
Can the hills get bigger as you move through the track or must they get smaller?
In most roller coasters, the hills decrease in height as the train moves along the track. This is necessary because the total energy reservoir built up in the lift hill is gradually lost to friction between the train and the track, as well as between the train and the air.
Can all the hills on a roller coaster be the same height if not why?
By conservation of energy, it can climb up to a height equal to that it went down before. However, due to the friction in the machines, the total mechanical energy of the roller coaster will decrease. As a result, the first “hill” of many roller coasters are the highest, but the followings will have decreasing heights.
Why do roller coasters go so fast?
When a roller coaster crests the first big hill, gravity takes over, causing the roller coaster to fall down at a constant rate of 9.8 meters per second squared. All that stored potential energy changes to kinetic energy, which can also be thought of as moving energy.
Why don’t you fall out of a roller coaster when you go upside down?
When you go upside down on a roller coaster, inertia keeps you from falling out. This resistance to a change in motion is stronger than gravity. It is what presses your body to the outside of the loop as the train spins around.
What provides resistance on the roller coaster causing the car to slow down?
When the coaster car starts going down the hill the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, or the energy of motion. Some of that is also converted to heat due to air resistance and friction with the track, gradually causing the coaster to slow down.
Are rollercoasters bad for you?
Findings from a 2009 study suggest that head motions during roller coaster rides typically confer a very low risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI), and a 2017 study found that brain strain rates during roller coaster rides were similar to those observed during running and lower than those that occur during soccer …
At what age should you stop riding roller coasters?
“You can ride roller coasters as long as you’re physically able to.” Most theme parks feature rides at varying levels specifically to attract riders of different ages, but children and young adults up to the age of 30 continue to be the primary market, according to Trabucco.
Are rollercoasters bad for brain?
Vital Information: Roller coasters have been reported to cause a type of brain injury, called subdural hematoma. The motions of the ride can cause blood vessels to rupture in the brain, which produces headaches that cannot be relieved and must be surgically treated.
Can a roller coaster cause a miscarriage?
Safety Concerns of Riding a Roller Coaster While Pregnant The jarring force from even slow automobile accidents has caused placental abruption, miscarriage and other pregnancy complications for women who are pregnant even when the trauma is not directly to the uterus.
Can you go on roller coasters when 1 month pregnant?
Avoid amusement park rides, water slides and roller coasters. Forceful landings and sudden sharp stops can hurt your baby. Staying away from rides like these might be challenge if you already have other rugrats that may want to go, or friends that invite you out.
Can jumping cause a miscarriage?
Miscarriage is not caused by the activities of a healthy pregnant woman, such as jumping, vigorous exercise, and frequent vaginal intercourse. Trauma causes miscarriage only very rarely. Stress and emotional shock do not cause miscarriage either.
Can twisting cause placental abruption?
Placental abruption happens due to a variety of factors. One of the top reasons for an abruption is abdominal trauma. Car accidents and falling are two of the most common causes. Twisting of the belly and other forms of trauma can also lead to a separation in the wall and the placenta.
What are the three signs of placental separation?
Symptoms
- Vaginal bleeding, although there might not be any.
- Abdominal pain.
- Back pain.
- Uterine tenderness or rigidity.
- Uterine contractions, often coming one right after another.
Can you feel a placental abruption?
What are the symptoms of placental abruption? The main symptom of placental abruption is vaginal bleeding. You also may have discomfort and tenderness or sudden, ongoing belly or back pain. Sometimes, these symptoms may happen without vaginal bleeding because the blood is trapped behind the placenta.
Can a baby survive a placental abruption?
In most cases, with proper monitoring a baby will survive a partial placental abruption.
How do they check for placental abruption?
A doctor diagnoses placental abruption by conducting a physical exam, and often by performing an ultrasound. You doctor may also conduct blood tests and fetal monitoring. Your doctor may suspect placental abruption, but they can only truly diagnose it after you’ve given birth.
Can placental abruption kill the mother?
Placental abruption consequences vary- a very slight placental abruption may have no ill effects on the baby or mother, while a complete detachment has very serious, possibly fatal, consequences to mother and baby.
How can you prevent placental abruption?
Prevention
- Avoid all substances during pregnancy including cigarettes, alcohol, medicines (unless prescribed by your doctor) and street drugs.
- Control high blood pressure.
- Reduce your risk of trauma – for example, wear a seatbelt when travelling in a car and avoid the possibility of falls.