What did Plato argue in the Republic?
In The Republic, Plato argues that kings should become philosophers or that philosophers should become kings, or philosopher kings, as they possess a special level of knowledge, which is required to rule the Republic successfully.
What was the context of Plato’s Republic?
The second half of the 5th century BCE was a tumultuous period in Athens. It was both the golden age of Athenian democracy and power – under the rule of Pericles in the 440’s and 430’s democratic Athens was quickly transforming into a regional hegemon.
What’s the difference between justice and fairness?
What is the difference between Justice and Fairness? Fairness is a quality of being fair, showing no bias towards some people or individuals. Justice, in broader terms, is giving a person his due. We want fair treatment in all situations as we believe that we are all equals and deserve impartiality.
What are the two principles of justice as fairness?
“Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical” is an essay by John Rawls, published in 1985. In it he describes his conception of justice. It comprises two main principles of liberty and equality; the second is subdivided into Fair Equality of Opportunity and the Difference Principle.
What is the main idea of Rawls theory of justice?
In A Theory of Justice, Rawls argues for a principled reconciliation of liberty and equality that is meant to apply to the basic structure of a well-ordered society.
What is Nozick’s objection to Rawls theory?
According to Nozick, anyone who acquired what he has through these means is morally entitled to it. To show that theories of justice based on patterns or historical circumstances are false, Nozick devised a simple but ingenious objection, which came to be known as the “Wilt Chamberlain” argument.
Is Rawls a utilitarian?
Rawls’s reasoning is so similar to utilitarianism that it leads to a conception of justice that can is essentially utilitarian. The two basic principles that Rawls proposes, as the product of the original position, are compatible with an indirect utilitarian system of justice.
Why did Rawls not like utilitarianism?
Rawls’s main argument against utilitarianism was that, for such reasons, the representative parties in the original position will not choose utilitarianism, but will rather choose his justice as fairness, which he believed would securely protect the worth of everybody’s basic rights and liberties.
Why did Rawls reject utilitarianism and libertarianism?
Rawlsians will object that Rawls rejected libertarianism in PL because it has “no special role for the basic structure” of society, where a basic structure is “a society’s main political, social, and economic institutions, and how they fit together into one unified system of social cooperation from one generation to …
What does Rawls mean by the original position?
Rawls’s original position is an initial agreement situation wherein the parties are without information that enables them to tailor principles of justice favorable to their personal circumstances.