What did Wilhelm Wundt use to discover the basic elements of experience?
Wundt wanted to study the structure of the human mind (using introspection). Wundt believed in reductionism. That is, he believed consciousness could be broken down (or reduced) to its basic elements without sacrificing any of the properties of the whole.
What early philosopher believed that the mind is a blank slate before environmental experiences right their story?
Locke (17th century) In Locke’s philosophy, tabula rasa was the theory that at birth the (human) mind is a “blank slate” without rules for processing data, and that data is added and rules for processing are formed solely by one’s sensory experiences.
Which of the following pioneering psychologists proposed that the best way to understand the human mind was to break down the minds?
Wundt was a structuralist, which meant he believed that our cognitive experience was best understood by breaking that experience into its component parts. He thought this was best accomplished by introspection. William James was the first American psychologist, and he was a proponent of functionalism.
Why was the advent of the computer so important to the development of cognitive psychology?
Why was the advent of the computer so important for the development of cognitive psychology? Computers processed information through complex circuits, which showed that psychologists could study mental states scientifically as the flow of information through the mind.
What is a strength of the cognitive approach?
Strengths. One strength of the cognitive approach is it has always employed highly controlled and rigorous methods of study in order to enable researchers to infer cognitive processes at work. This has involved the use of lab experiments to produce reliable, objective data.
What is a weakness of the cognitive approach?
A weakness is the cognitive approach uses predominantly lab experiments so they have a low ecological validity, they are not the same as real world situations. Weakness: Lab Experiments. A weakness is by concentrating on internal mental processes, the cognitive approach ignores other factors, making it reductionist.
What are the key principles of cognitive psychology?
Cognitive psychology is based on two assumptions: (1) Human cognition can at least in principle be fully revealed by the scientific method, that is, individual components of mental processes can be identified and understood, and (2) Internal mental processes can be described in terms of rules or algorithms in …
What are the basic principles of cognitive therapy?
CBT emphasizes collaboration and active participation. CBT is goal-oriented and problem focused. CBT initially emphasizes the present. CBT is educative; it aims to teach the client to be his/her own therapist, and emphasizes relapse prevention.
What are the three main goals in cognitive therapy?
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy has three main goals:
- To relieve symptoms and resolve problems.
- To help the client to acquire skills and coping strategies.
- To help the client to modify underlying cognitive structures in order to prevent relapse.
What are two features of the cognitive approach?
A second feature of the cognitive approach is the information processing theory known as schema theory. This theory emphasises how perception and memory are shaped by cognitive frameworks built from experience that organise and interpret information in the brain (acting as a mental representation).
What is the aim of cognitive psychology?
Cognitive psychologists are often heavily involved in running psychological experiments involving human participants, with the goal of gathering information related to how the human mind takes in, processes, and acts upon inputs received from the outside world.
How does the cognitive area explain Behaviour?
The cognitive approach to behaviour views human beings as processors of information much in the same way as a computer processes information. The cognitive approach to behaviour focuses on areas of research such as schema processing, memory processing, and thinking, and how cognition may influence behaviour.
How is the cognitive approach useful?
The cognitive learning approach teaches students the skills they need to learn effectively. This helps students build transferable problem-solving and study skills that they can apply in any subject. Developing cognitive skills allows students to build upon previous knowledge and ideas.
What is an example of cognitive approach?
Learning is an example of cognition. The way our brain makes connection as we learn concepts in different ways to remember what we have learned. Our ability to reason through logic is a prime example of cognition. People do have different ways of reasoning if we think about why people buy certain things when they shop.
How does the cognitive approach work?
The cognitive approach assumes: The mind actively processes information from our senses (touch, taste etc.). Between stimulus and response are complex mental processes, which can be studied scientifically. Humans can be seen as data processing systems.
How does the cognitive approach explain depression?
Cognitive Approach This approach focuses on people’s beliefs rather than their behavior. Depression results from systematic negative bias in thinking processes. Emotional, behavioral (and possibly physical) symptoms result from cognitive abnormality.
What is the ABC model of clinical depression?
Ellis proposed the A-B-C three stage model, to explain how irrational thoughts could lead to depression. The B stands for beliefs, which can be either rational or irrational (e.g. an irrational interpretation of the event might be that you think your friend dislikes you and never wants to talk to you again).
Why is the cognitive explanation of depression reductionist?
Cognitive Psychology This approach is reductionist because it focuses only on cognitions and neglects other factors that might contribute to behavior. A cognitive psychologist might explain a psychological condition in terms of the underlying thought patterns that contribute to the person’s feelings and behaviors.
How would a biological psychologist explain depression?
Current research suggests that a decrease in the production of serotonin by these neurons can cause depression in some people, and more specifically, a mood state that can cause some people to feel suicidal. In the 1960s, the “catecholamine hypothesis” was a popular explanation for why people developed depression.
What is the biological reason for depression?
The predisposition to developing depression can be inherited. Other biological causes for depression can include physical illness, the process of ageing and gender. Stress can trigger depression but understanding its particular meaning to the person is important.
What are the biological treatments for depression?
The drugs are divided in three groups: the classical tricyclic antidepressants, the MAO inhibitors and the recent antidepressants. Some drugs with potential antidepressant properties are also studied. The other biological treatments of depression include electroconvulsive therapy and sleep deprivation.
What are the four psychological factors?
There are four psychological factors that influence consumer behaviour: Motivation, perception, learning, and attitude or belief system.