What do u mean by runoff?
noun. something that drains or flows off, as rain that flows off from the land in streams.
What is difference between runoff and streamflow?
Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams, rivers, and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle. It is one component of the runoff of water from the land to waterbodies, the other component being surface runoff.
Where do streams flow?
A lot of runoff ends up in creeks, streams, and rivers, flowing downhill towards the oceans. Unless the river flows into a closed lake, a rare occurrence, or is diverted for humans’ uses, a common occurrence, they empty into the oceans, thus fulfilling their water-cycle duties.
What is peak streamflow?
Peak Streamflow for the Nation. This section provides for the display of annual peak streamflow values for both continuous and partial-record gaging stations. Annual peak flow values are the maximum instantaneous streamflow values recorded at a particular site for the entire water year from October 1 to September 30.
How do you calculate streamflow?
Multiply the average depth of the stream by the width of the stream to find the area in ft2. Divide the distance traveled by the average travel time to find the velocity of the stream in ft/sec. Multiply the velocity of the stream by a correction factor. This is the corrected velocity of the stream.
What is used to measure streamflow?
The most common method used by the USGS for measuring velocity is with a current meter. However, a variety of advanced equipment can also be used to sense stage and measure streamflow. In the simplest method, a current meter turns with the flow of the river or stream.
What is used to measure water?
Chemists use beakers, flasks, burets and pipets to measure the volume of liquids.
Why is streamflow important?
It is important because of its impact on water quality and on the living organisms and habitats in the stream. Stream velocity, which increases as the volume of the water in the stream increases, determines the kinds of organisms that can live in the stream (some need fast-flowing areas; others need quiet pools).
What factors influence stream discharge?
The discharge of a stream is the product of its velocity (V – length of travel per unit of time such as feet/second) times depth of the water (D – unit of length) times width (W of the water – units of length). (Make sure all all three lengths are expressed in the same unit.)
How does streamflow affect water quality?
Flow directly affects the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. The amount of sediment and debris a stream can carry also depends on its flow since higher velocity increases stream bank and stream channel scouring and erosion, and also keeps particulate materials suspended in the water.
How do you increase streamflow?
In other words, changing land cover from perennial vegetation to seasonal row crops would result in an increase in streamflow. The increased cropland in the MR basin affected not only the amount of streamflow but also the proportion of stormflow and baseflow in the river.
How does erosion affect water quality?
The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these waterways and causing declines in fish and other species. And degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding.