What does G G mean in genetics?
Organisms that have two different alleles for a gene are called heterozygous (Gg). The offspring of the cross between the GG (homozygous dominant) and gg (homozygous recessive) plants are all heterozygous for the pod color gene.
What does C stand for in DNA?
The instructions in a gene that tell the cell how to make a specific protein. A, C, G, and T are the “letters” of the DNA code; they stand for the chemicals adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), respectively, that make up the nucleotide bases of DNA.
What do the letters A T C and G represent in this illustration of DNA?
In DNA, the code letters are A, T, G, and C, which stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively.
Why does RNA use U instead of T?
In RNA, uracil base-pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. Methylation of uracil produces thymine. In DNA, the evolutionary substitution of thymine for uracil may have increased DNA stability and improved the efficiency of DNA replication (discussed below).
Does acridine orange kill cells?
Apoptosis and Programmed Cell Death in Health and Disease Acridine orange is a fluorescent dye which easily traverses the cell membrane. The ability of lysosomes to accumulate acridine orange remains perfectly intact during the initial stages of apoptosis, whereas it is immediately lost during necrosis.
What is acridine orange used for?
Acridine Orange is a cell-permeant nucleic acid binding dye that emits green fluorescence when bound to dsDNA and red fluorescence when bound to ssDNA or RNA. This unique characteristic makes acridine orange useful for cell-cycle studies. Acridine orange has also been used as a lysosomal dye.
Is acridine orange toxic?
Toxic to aquatic organisms. Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual. Limited evidence exists that the substance may cause irreversible but non-lethal mutagenic effects following a single exposure. Acridines may cause nausea, vomiting, and digestive tract irritation.
What kind of microscope uses acridine orange?
epifluorescence microscopy
How does acridine orange work?
Acridine orange is a dye that intercalates or binds with the nucleic acid ( either DNA or RNA) present in organisms and fluoresce to emit various colors that help in the differentiation of cellular organelles.
Is acridine orange a mutagen?
Acridine orange (AO) was selected as the model contaminant since it is frequently reported to be present as one of the major recalcitrant organic pollutants in urban wastewaters and is also a highly potent mutagen [17, 18] .
What type of mutation does Helen Carry?
Helen has type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic skeletal disorder. Shown below is her DNA sequence for a portion of the coding region of the collagen type I gene, which contains the mutation responsible for her disorder.
Which type of mutation substitutes one amino acid for another?
​Missense Mutation A missense mutation is when the change of a single base pair causes the substitution of a different amino acid in the resulting protein. This amino acid substitution may have no effect, or it may render the protein nonfunctional.
What are Acridines give example?
Many acridines, such as proflavine, also have antiseptic properties. Acridine and related derivatives (such as amsacrine) bind to DNA and RNA due to their abilities to intercalate. Acridine orange (3,6-dimethylaminoacridine) is a nucleic acid-selective metachromatic stain useful for cell cycle determination.