What explanation does Moffitt give adolescence limited delinquency?
Moffitt’s theory of delinquency suggests that at-risk youths can be divided into two groups, the adolescence- limited group and the life-course-persistent group, predetermined at a young age, and social interactions between these two groups become important during the adolescent years.
What is the maturity gap according to Moffitt?
685), the majority of adolescents are motivated to engage in delinquency because of the, “gap between biological maturity and social maturity”—a disjuncture that Moffitt labeled the “maturity gap.” Moffitt posited that the maturity gap stems from the fact that adolescents have reached biological maturity (i.e., their …
Which of the following was considered a fascinating contribution of Sampson and Laub’s work quizlet?
The concept of a turning point in the life course is one of the fascinating contributions of Sampson and Laub’s research. A turning point involves a gradual or dramatic change and may lead to “modification, reshaping or transitioning from one state, condition, or phase to another”.
What is a life course persistent offender What traits do they often display?
The life-course persistent person continues to carry into adulthood the same underlying constellation of traits that got him into trouble as a child, such as high activity level, irritability, poor self-control, and low cognitive ability.
What is life course persistent theory?
According to the theory of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior, children’s neuropsychological problems interact cumulatively with their criminogenic environments across development, culminating in a pathological personality.
Which taxonomy or group do most people fall into According to Moffitt?
Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy proposes that antisocial acts are committed by two very different ‘groups’ of people: A ‘life-course persistent’ group whose antisocial behavior onsets early in life and who become life-long offenders versus a larger ‘adolescence-limited’ group who offend during their teenage years.
What is the life course theory of criminology?
The life course perspective combines the impact of both long term and short-term events on an individual’s life. Sampson and Laub (1990, 1993) make the argument that crime is mediated through the existence of social bonds throughout an individual’s life course.
What is the developmental theory of crime?
Developmental theories are explanatory models of criminal behavior that follow individuals throughout their life course of offending, thus explaining the development of offending over time.
What is one of the key principles of life course theory?
Life course theory has five distinct principles: (a) time and place; (b) life-span development; (c) timing; (d) agency; and (e) linked lives. We used these principles to examine and explain high-risk pregnancy, its premature conclusion, and subsequent mothering of medically fragile preterm infants.
What are the three developments or phases of criminology?
From 1900 through to 2000 the study underwent three significant phases in the United States: (1) Golden Age of Research (1900–1930) which has been described as a multiple-factor approach, (2) Golden Age of Theory (1930–1960) which shows that there was no systematic way of connecting criminological research to theory.
Which theorist is associated with the low self control theory?
Research has also found that low levels of self-control are correlated with criminal and impulsive conduct. The theory was originally developed by criminologists Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson, but has since been subject to a great deal of theoretical debate and a large and growing empirical literature.
What are the unique traits of individual factor of low self-control theory?
Gottfredson and Hirschi1 defined low self-control using six distinct characteristics: (1) the tendency to have a here-and-now orientation, preferring immediate reward with an inability to defer gratification, (2) a preference for physical rather than cognitive activities, (3) adventurousness and a preference for …
What are the characteristics of people with low self-control?
People with low levels of self-control are described as being impulsive, irresponsible, self-centered, insensitive to others, and prone to risky behavior (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990).
Why is the self-control theory important?
Self-control theory suggests that effective childrearing can instill individuals with a higher level of self-control, lowering their propensity to engage in criminal acts and other analogous behaviors. These similar behaviors include acts which are deviant, sinful, and reckless.
What are the 4 elements of Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory?
This theory uses four elements of the social bond to explain why people conform: attachment to parents and peers, commitment (cost factor involved in engaging in deviant activities), involvement in conventional activities, and belief in conventional values.
What theory is Travis Hirschi?
It was during this period that Travis Hirschi put forth his innovative rendering of control theory, a theory built upon existing concepts of social control. Hirschi’s social control theory asserts that ties to family, school and other aspects of society serve to diminish one’s propensity for deviant behaviour.
What is the concept of social control theory?
Social control theory proposes that people’s relationships, commitments, values, norms, and beliefs encourage them not to break the law. Thus, if moral codes are internalized and individuals are tied into and have a stake in their wider community, they will voluntarily limit their propensity to commit deviant acts.
Who influenced Travis Hirschi?
Hanan Selvin
What is the social reaction theory?
Quick Reference. In the labelling theory of deviance, the societal reaction refers to the range of formal and informal agencies of social control—including the law, media, police, and family—which, through their responses towards the deviant, greatly affect deviance outcomes.
Who introduced social reaction?
In 1966 Erikson expanded labeling theory to include the functions of deviance, illustrating how societal reactions to deviance stigmatize the offender and separate him or her from the rest of society.
What are the three social process theories?
The social process theories include differential association, social learning theory, social control theory, and labeling theory. Each of these theories has a specific explanation for why individuals engage in criminal acts, but they all hold that socialization is the key to understanding crime.
What are social reactions?
Received support in response to interpersonal violence, termed “social reactions,” includes objectively-observable interactions with others regarding victimization, both positive and negative. Survivors are asked to indicate how often they received each reaction from others following victimization.