What fuel is used in cement?
Historically, the primary fuel used in cement industry is coal. A wide range of other fuels such as gas, oil, liquid waste materials, solid waste materials and petroleum coke have all been successfully used as sources of energy for firing cement-making kilns, either on their own or in various combinations.
Is fuel a raw material?
As traditional fuel and raw materials, oil, gas and coal still account for more than 80% of our energy supply. Optimising the production of energy from the subsurface, oil, gas and hot water with smart sensors and models of the reservoir and production system. …
What is mtpa in cement industry?
Due to the increasing demand in various sectors such as housing, commercial construction and industrial construction, cement industry is expected to reach 550-600 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) by the year 2025.
What are the raw materials required for cement industry?
The most important raw materials for making cement are limestone, clay and marl. These are extracted from quarries by blasting or by ripping using heavy machinery.
Is the basic raw material for cement industry?
The main materials used in cement production are minerals containing calcium oxide, silex, alumina and iron oxide. Limestone. Mohs hardness is 1.8-3.0. The older the geological fraction, the firmer….RAW MATERIALS IN CEMENT PRODUCTION.
| Grind material | Grinding coefficient |
|---|---|
| Marl | 1.40 |
| Limestone | 1.20 |
| Quartz sand | 0.60-0.70 |
Why clinker is used in cement?
Use of Clinker: Conversion to Cement Gypsum added to and ground with clinker regulates the setting time and gives the most important property of cement, compressive strength. It also prevents agglomeration and coating of the powder at the surface of balls and mill wall.
What is the Colour of cement?
Cement essentially consists offour mineral phases: two calcium silicates, a calcium aluminate and a mixed crystal known as calcium aluminate ferrite (C4AF). While the first three appear as pure white minerals, pureC4AF has a brown color because of itsiron content. So theoretically, pure cement would be brown.
Why is concrete blue?
The blue-green color is attributed to a complex reaction of sulfide sulphur in slag cement with other compounds in portland cement. The degree and extent of the coloration depends on the rate of oxidation, the percentage of slag used, curing conditions and the porosity of the concrete surfaces.
What color is cement when it dries?
When initially struck, the concrete will be relatively dark, but as it dries out and carbonates, it will become progressively lighter and even in colour.
Why is new concrete discolored?
Concrete is a porous material, with some areas of concrete naturally being more porous than others. Even if your concrete coloring initially looks uniform, improper sealing can open it up to discoloration in the future as the surface is permeated by water or deicing salts.
How do you treat algae on concrete?
When everything’s ready, sweep or vacuum the steps to remove loose dirt and debris. Then mix three-fourths to a cup of bleach with one gallon of water, and sponge it onto all the areas where you see the green stains. Keep sponging on more as needed so the concrete stays wet for five to 10 minutes.
What causes algae on cement?
Green algae will begin to grow on cement or concrete when the surface stays constantly damp. Many homes in humid climates are constantly battling algae and fungus growth. If left untreated, the algae will permanently discolor the cement or concrete.
What causes red algae on houses?
They are primarily extending from the top of the building downwards as if something has spilt down from the roof onto the walls below. What you are seeing is the effect of red algae on a rendered wall surface, whereby the walls which suffer the most from extreme weather become coated in the build-up of algae.