What is a confounding variable in epidemiology?
In epidemiologic terms, the tobacco companies were claiming that air pollution (or any other factor that can cause cancer) is a confounding variable. A confounding variable is a variable (say, pollution) that can cause the disease under study (cancer) and is also associated with the exposure of interest (smoking).
How do you address a confounding variable?
Strategies to reduce confounding are:
- randomization (aim is random distribution of confounders between study groups)
- restriction (restrict entry to study of individuals with confounding factors – risks bias in itself)
- matching (of individuals or groups, aim for equal distribution of confounders)
What is the difference between an extraneous variable and a confounding variable?
Extraneous variables are those that produce an association between two variables that are not causally related. Confounding variables are similar to extraneous variables, the difference being that they are affecting two variables that are not spuriously related. …
What is a confounding variable quizlet?
Confounding variable. an extraneous variable whose presence affects the variables being studied so that the results you get do not reflect the actual relationship between the variables under investigation.
What is Confund?
To confuse; to mix up; to puzzle. To fail to see the difference; to mix up; to confuse right and wrong.
How do you use confound in a sentence?
Confound in a Sentence ?
- If the nurse does not read the labels, she will confound the medications and possibly harm patients.
- The purpose of the article is not to confound the readers but to inform them.
- As the robber ran from the police, he jumped into a trash dumpster in an attempt to confound his pursuers.
What is confounded mean?
1 : confused, perplexed. 2 : damned I can’t close this confounded window.
What is the meaning of confined?
: to keep (someone or something) within limits : to prevent (someone or something) from going beyond a particular limit, area, etc. : to keep (a person or animal) in a place (such as a prison) : to force or cause (someone) to stay in something (such as a bed or wheelchair)
What does trough mean?
1a : a long shallow often V-shaped receptacle for the drinking water or feed of domestic animals. b : any of various domestic or industrial containers. 2a : a conduit, drain, or channel for water especially : a gutter along the eaves of a building.
What does reassuring mean?
: restoring or intended to restore confidence : reducing or eliminating worry or uncertainty reassuring news a reassuring smile/response “Of course you can come,” said Kit, stooping to give the child a reassuring hug.—
Is reassured a word?
verb (used with object), re·as·sured, re·as·sur·ing. to restore to assurance or confidence: His praise reassured me. to assure again. to reinsure.
What is the root word of reassured?
This adjective comes from the verb reassure, or “restore to confidence,” which adds re-, or “again,” to assure, which has the Latin root securus, “safe or secure.”
What does fascinated mean?
transitive verb. 1a : to command the interest of : allure was fascinated by carnivals The kids were fascinated with their new toy. b : to transfix (see transfix sense 1) and hold spellbound by an irresistible power believed that the serpent could fascinate its prey.
What is a hilarious?
: marked by or causing hilarity : extremely funny. Other Words from hilarious Synonyms & Antonyms Example Sentences Learn More about hilarious.
What does scent mean?
a : an odor left by an animal on a surface passed over. b : a characteristic or particular odor especially : one that is agreeable. 2a : power of smelling : sense of smell a keen scent.
What are vicissitudes?
1a : the quality or state of being changeable : mutability. b : natural change or mutation visible in nature or in human affairs. 2a : a favorable or unfavorable event or situation that occurs by chance : a fluctuation of state or condition the vicissitudes of daily life.