What is a Khatna in female?
FGM is practised by the Dawoodi Bohra, a sect of Shia Islam with one million members in India. Known as khatna, khafz, and khafd, the procedure is performed on six- or seven-year-old girls and involves the total or partial removal of the clitoral hood.
What kind of abuse is FGM?
FGM is a form of child abuse. It’s dangerous and a criminal offence in the UK. We know: there are no medical reasons to carry out FGM.
What is FGM in safeguarding?
FGM comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs. It is illegal in the UK and a form of child abuse with long-lasting harmful consequences.
What reason do parents give in support of FGM?
Why FGM is carried out FGM is carried out for various cultural, religious and social reasons within families and communities in the mistaken belief that it’ll benefit the girl in some way (for example, as a preparation for marriage or to preserve her virginity).
What is female mutilation in Egypt?
Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision, is the ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the external female genitalia. The practice is found in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, and within communities from countries in which FGM is common.
What does clitoridectomy mean?
Clitoridectomy: partial or total removal of the clitoris, and in rare cases, only the prepuce. 2. Excision: partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora.
Why do they do breast ironing?
Breast ironing awareness should be made part of the mandatory school curriculum to protect young girls from abuse, the National Education Union has said. The practice involves ironing a girl’s chest with hot objects to delay breasts from growing, so she does not attract male attention.
What age does a woman’s breast stop growing?
When does breast development begin and end? In general, breast development begins between the ages of 8 and 13. A girl’s breasts are typically fully developed by age 17 or 18, however in some cases they can continue to grow into her early twenties.
What are the signs of breast ironing?
Some indicators that a girl has undergone breast ironing are as follows:
- Unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college including depression, anxiety, aggression, withdrawn etc;
- Reluctance in undergoing normal medical examinations;
What is breast ironing safeguarding?
Breast Ironing is the process whereby young pubescent girls’ breasts are ironed, massaged and/or pounded down through the use of hard or heated objects for non-medical reasons. The purpose of the procedure is to make the breasts to disappear or delay the development of the breasts entirely.
Why do girls have breast?
Breasts are two mounds of flesh which grow on the chest of girls as they reach puberty. As the hormone oestrogen (say eest-tra-jen) begins to circulate round the body, a girl’s ovaries start to make hormones and her breasts start to grow. When a woman has a baby, her breasts produce milk to feed her baby.
Is female circumcision legal in all African countries?
Of the 29 countries in Africa where female genital mutilation (FGM) is traditionally practiced, 26 have laws prohibiting FGM. Among African nations with laws prohibiting FGM, penalties range from monetary fines to a minimum of three months to life in prison. Others continue to struggle to enforce legislation.
Where is FGM banned?
Laws by country
| Country | Criminalised | Since |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Specific anti-FGM law :26 | 1985 |
| United States | Federal anti-FGM law Specific bans in 39 states | 96–18, 2021 |
| Yemen | No | |
| Zambia | Specific criminal provision :22 |
Is FGM legal in Pakistan?
In Pakistan, there are no legal and administrative measures to stop practices of FGM. There is no law that mentions about FGM, it is mainly because its occurrence is not recognized and reported; perhaps, it is because the issue is sensitive and silently practiced by a small religious community.
Is FGM legal in Saudi Arabia?
It is interesting to note that although FGM/C is not allowed in hospitals or clinics in Saudi Arabia, Saudi women were just as likely as any other nationality group to have had the procedure performed by a physician, nurse or midwife; and just as likely to have undergone the procedure in a hospital or clinic.
What is female circumcision in Ghana?
The form of female genital mutilation (FGM) or female genital cutting (FGC) most commonly practiced in Ghana is Type II (commonly referred to as excision). Other forms, such as Type I (commonly referred to as clitoridectomy) and Type III (commonly referred to as infibulation) are also practiced.
What is female circumcision in Malaysia?
Female circumcision is an old practice, of removing some external parts of a female’s reproductive organ. It is observed in Malaysia and many other countries around the world including Africa. In Malaysia, the National Fatwa Council issued a religious edict in 2009 making it mandatory.
What is trokosi system?
Trokosi is a traditional system where virgin girls, some as young as six years old, are sent into Troxovi shrines (shrines for gods) as slaves to make amends for wrongs committed by a member of the virgin girl’s family. When they die, the family must replace her with another virgin girl.
When did Ghana abolish slavery?
1928
What is a shrine?
A shrine (Latin: scrinium “case or chest for books or papers”; Old French: escrin “box or case”) is a holy or sacred site dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped.
What is difference between shrine and temple?
In the simplest terms, temples are Buddhist, while shrines are Shinto. Temples have a large incense burner and many Buddhist statues, and may or may not have a graveyard attached to them, while shrines have a large, often vermilion red, torii, or sacred gate, standing in front of them.
Why is a shrine important?
Shrines consecrate a holy place for its miraculous character or for its association with the life of the founder, gods, or saints of a cult. Since the importance of such structures is usually proportionate to the antiquity of their tradition and associations…