What is a subsea well?

What is a subsea well?

A Subsea well is a well in which all the production systems are located on the seabed. The facilities which are under water are basically referred to as ‘Subsea’. The prefix is used for wells, field, project and the development too.

What is subsea in oil and gas industry?

Oil and gas fields reside beneath many inland waters and offshore areas around the world, and in the oil and gas industry the term subsea relates to the exploration, drilling and development of oil and gas fields in these underwater locations. Shell completed its first subsea well in the Gulf of Mexico in 1961.

What is SPS in oil and gas?

Southern Procurement Services (SPS) is a global company based in United Kingdom which offers engineering, supply, construction, maintenance, logistics services, and equipment training for the oil industry.

What are subsea structures?

Subsea manifolds are installed on the seabed within an array of wells to gather production or to inject water or gas into wells. The numerous types of manifolds range from a simple pipeline end manifold (PLEM/PLET) to large structures such as a subsea process system.

What is a PLET?

A PLET is the end or termination of a pipeline. The skid typically contains a male hub that serves as an attachment point for a jumper. The jumper utilizes a collet connector to make a permanent connection. There may also be other components on the skid such as ROV interface panels, ball valves and associated mud mats.

What is a subsea template?

A subsea template is a large steel structure which is used as a base for various subsea structures such as wells and subsea trees and manifolds. The size of a template is dependant on the number of structures attached to it.

What is a jumper in oil and gas?

3 Jumpers. In subsea oil/gas production systems, a subsea jumper, as shown in Figure 1-11, is a short pipe connector that is used to transport production fluid between two subsea components, for example, a tree and a manifold, a manifold and another manifold, or a manifold and an export sled.

What is a subsea tree?

Used on offshore oil and gas fields, a subsea tree monitors and controls the production of a subsea well. Fixed to the wellhead of a completed well, subsea trees can also manage fluids or gas injected into the well. Subsea trees are used in offshore field developments worldwide, from shallow to ultra-deepwaters.

What is batch drilling?

Simply, batch drilling allows companies to assembly line their wells. The drilling rig is placed on rails, or skids, and can move side to side, with drilling pipe still attached. Simply eliminating the build-up and take down of a rig, as it’s moved to each wellhead, represents an enormous savings, officials said.

What is the difference between wellhead and Christmas tree?

Wellheads and Christmas Tree are not the same. A wellhead consists of heads, hangers, spools and a series of seals. Christmas Tree consists of chokes, valves and spools. The main purpose of christmas tree is to control the flow of well fluids or gas during production.

What is a subsea Christmas tree?

A subsea Xmas tree is basically a stack of vertical and horizontal valves installed on a subsea wellhead. It is installed provide a controllable interface between the well and production facilities.

What is Christmas Tree drilling?

In the oil & gas industry, a Christmas tree is a piece of heavy equipment that controls the flow produced by a well. It is a separate piece of hardware that connects to the wellhead after the drilling has ceased and the well begins pumping oil or gas.

Should I put an aspirin in my Christmas tree?

A: Do not add molasses, sugar, soft drinks, aspirin or commercial products to the water. Additives provide no real benefit. The keys to keeping a Christmas tree fresh are to place the tree away from any heat sources (fireplace, heater, radiator, etc.) and keep the tree reservoir full of water.

Does 7UP help Christmas trees?

Tree experts say they don’t help, even though it seems like those additives would. The common blend of 7UP and bleach seems like it would, indeed, make the tree’s water more acidic and help the tree take in more moisture and food. The sugar in the soda, it seems, would help feed the tree.

Should I drill holes in my Christmas tree?

Cut straight across, never at an angle or in a V-shape, because doing so reduces the amount of water available to the tree. It also makes it harder for the tree stand to hold the tree. And no matter what Uncle Joe told you, never drill a hole in the base of the trunk thinking it will help the tree draw up more water.

How do I prolong the life of my Christmas tree?

Follow these tips to keep your Christmas tree looking fresh long after it’s cut.

1. Choose a healthy Christmas tree.
2. Trim the trunk (and then trim it again).
3. Make sure your Christmas tree always has enough water.
4. Keep the Christmas tree away from heat sources.
5. Take your tree down before it dries out.

Why is my Xmas tree not drinking water?

This is because the bottom of the trunk seals itself with sap after a few hours and can’t absorb water. Cut straight across and not at an angle; an angular cut makes it harder for the tree to take up water. It is also difficult to get a tree with an angular cut to stand upright. The bark helps the tree take up water.

How do you keep a Christmas tree alive and fresh?

Learn How to Keep Your Christmas Tree Fresh for the Entire Month of December

1. Put the tree in water as soon as possible. Remember: You’re bringing home a live plant.
2. Trim the trunk.
3. Water, water, water (and maybe try additives).
4. Be cautious of heat sources including lights.

Do You Use warm or cold water for a Christmas tree?

When you place the tree into the stand, fill the stand with very hot water. Hot water is absorbed more quickly than cold water so the tree will rehydrate as quickly as possible. You don’t need to use hot water every time you add water; just the first time.

How long does Christmas last?

12 Days

Does sugar water help Christmas tree?

There is some debate about whether adding any kind of mixture to the water helps keep a tree fresher longer. However, the study’s author, tree scientist Les Werner, says additives such as sugar, aspirin or even vodka don’t help. “Clean water still works the best.” But don’t take their word for it.

What can you add to water to keep Christmas tree fresh?

Andersen points out that some people swear by commercial Christmas tree preservatives, which can be mixed into the water in the stand. Others have said that they’ve had success by mixing a tablespoon of corn syrup or sugar into the water as a food source for the tree. Some people even add aspirin to the water.

What do you add to water to make Christmas tree last longer?

Mix Up a Solution Right when you get your Christmas tree home, boil a gallon of water. Once boiling, dissolve a cup of sugar in the water and allow the mixture to cool slightly. Make a fresh, inch-wide cut at the base of your Christmas tree trunk, then position it in a sturdy tree.

What do you put in water to keep a Christmas tree fresh?

Check the water level daily, making sure the bottom 2 inches of the trunk is always immersed in water. Help your tree stay hydrated by adding a cap full of Miracle-Gro® For Christmas Trees for every quart of water. Keep your Christmas tree away from heat sources.

How do I stop my Christmas tree from dropping needles?

Here are my top 5 tips to stop Christmas tree needle drop:

1. Buy the right tree. First, consider the type of tree.
2. Prepare the tree. The easiest way to stop your tree dropping its needles is to buy the freshest tree possible.
3. Trim the stump.
4. Keep away from heat.
5. Feed and water.
6. 4 Comments.

How much water should a Christmas tree drink per day?

1 gallon

Should I mist my Christmas tree?

NEVER let the tree dry out while it is indoors – just check the water in the stand once or twice daily. Misting your Christmas tree can help to keep moisture in the needles and branches. If you are misting, keep it very light and try to do it frequently rather getting the tree dripping wet.

Which type of Christmas tree lasts the longest?

Fraser Fir

Do real Christmas trees have bugs?

Most Christmas tree insects don’t live off the tree, only in it. Most Christmas trees aren’t brimming with bugs. Occasionally, you’ll hear a Christmas horror story about praying mantis eggs that hatched inside or thousands of tiny black aphids invading a home.

How long does a real tree last indoors?

According to the BTGA, a freshly-cut tree could last for up to four weeks, “but it really depends on how you look after them.”