What is best description of DNA transcription?

What is best description of DNA transcription?

Key points: Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. Transcription is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template).

What is the proper order of steps for DNA transcription?

Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. The steps are illustrated in Figure 2. Initiation is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter.

What is the direction of transcription in this diagram?

What is the direction of transcription in this diagram? The RNA polymerase reads the template strand from the 3′ to 5′ direction, and synthesizes RNA from 5′ to 3′. The template strand is the DNA strand that is based paired to RNA as transcription proceeds. In this example, the RNA is paired with the bottom strand.

What are the 3 basic steps of transcription?

Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. The steps are illustrated in Figure 2.

What is the correct order of protein synthesis?

The correct sequence of events in protein synthesis is transcription, then translation.

What is the correct order to make a protein?

What are the 5 steps in protein synthesis?

The major steps are:

1. (a) Activation of amino acids:
2. (b) Transfer of amino acid to tRNA:
3. (c) Initiation of polypeptide chain:
4. (d) Chain Termination:
5. (e) Protein translocation:

What is the first step of protein synthesis?

Transcription

What are the two phases of protein synthesis?

Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases – transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a template molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA).

What triggers protein synthesis?

Protein ingestion and resistance exercise both stimulate the process of new muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and are synergistic when protein consumption follows exercise. In healthy persons, changes in MPS are much greater in their influence over net muscle gain than changes in muscle protein breakdown (MPB).

How do you teach protein synthesis?

Teaching Protein Synthesis Just Got Easier

1. USE INTERACTIVES. Check out this interactive website where you can go through the process of transcription and translation up on the board with your students.
2. USE PUZZLES.
3. USE VIDEOS.
4. TEACHING GENE EXPRESSION (The harder part)
5. USE ANALOGIES.

What is an example of protein synthesis?

When protein synthesis is taking place, enzymes link tRNA molecules to amino acids in a highly specific manner. For example, tRNA molecule X will link only to amino acid X; tRNA molecule Y will link only to amino acid Y. Messenger RNA is synthesized in the nucleus using the DNA molecules.

What happens without protein synthesis?

Ribosomes contain molecules called RNA. These molecules hold all of the instructions necessary for the ribosomes to carry out protein synthesis or the process of creating proteins. Without these proteins, the DNA repairs would not happen, leading to mutations and problems such as cancer.

What happens if protein synthesis goes wrong?

Protein synthesis errors may also produce polypeptides displaying a gain of toxic function. In rare cases, the error may confer an alternate or pathological function on an otherwise normal, folded protein. More often, errors disrupt folding, and the misfolded molecule may be toxic.

What diseases are caused by protein misfolding?

Protein misfolding is believed to be the primary cause of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher’s disease and many other degenerative and neurodegenerative disorders.

What is an example of a transcription error?

Human transcription errors are commonly the result of typographical mistakes; putting one’s fingers in the wrong place while touch typing is the easiest way to make this error. (The slang term “stubby fingers” is sometimes used for people who commonly make this mistake.)

What happens if DNA polymerase 1 is not present?

DNA polymerase I is strikingly important for survival of the cell following many types of DNA damage, and in its absence, the cell has persistent single-stranded breaks that promote DNA recombination.

What will happen if there is a mistake in DNA replication?

When Replication Errors Become Mutations. Incorrectly paired nucleotides that still remain following mismatch repair become permanent mutations after the next cell division. This is because once such mistakes are established, the cell no longer recognizes them as errors.

What is a mistake in DNA called?

mistakes are called. mutations. mutations are. changes in the sequence of DNA.

What happens if your DNA is altered?

As such, the nucleotide sequences found within it are subject to change as the result of a phenomenon called mutation. Depending on how a particular mutation modifies an organism’s genetic makeup, it can prove harmless, helpful, or even hurtful.

How does DNA Polymerase correct mistakes?

Most of the mistakes during DNA replication are promptly corrected by DNA polymerase which proofreads the base that has just been added. The polymerase checks whether the newly-added base has paired correctly with the base in the template strand. If it is the correct base, the next nucleotide is added.

How important is the DNA proofreading step?

Proofreading, which corrects errors during DNA replication. Mismatch repair, which fixes mispaired bases right after DNA replication. DNA damage repair pathways, which detect and correct damage throughout the cell cycle.

Is DNA a polymerase?

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the three prime end of a DNA strand one nucleotide at a time. When a cell divides, DNA polymerases are needed so that the cell’s DNA can duplicate.

What is the main job of DNA polymerase?

The primary role of DNA polymerases is to accurately and efficiently replicate the genome in order to ensure the maintenance of the genetic information and its faithful transmission through generations.