What is biomarker research?
Biomarker Research is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that encompasses all aspects of biomarker investigation. Biomarker Research aims to publish original discoveries, novel concepts, commentaries and reviews related to biomarker investigation from all biomedical disciplines.
What are examples of biomarkers?
Examples of biomarkers include everything from blood pressure and heart rate to basic metabolic studies and x-ray findings to complex histologic and genetic tests of blood and other tissues. Biomarkers are measurable and do not define how a person feels or functions.
What are biomarkers in clinical trials?
A diagnostic biomarker is used to determine the presence of a condition, disease or disease subtype [1]. A prognostic biomarker is used to indicate a subset of patients for whom a clinical event is more (or less) likely [1].
Why biomarkers are used in clinical trials?
In drug development and clinical trials, biomarkers may be used to help identify populations for a study, monitor therapeutic response, and identify side effects. The FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research defines the biomarker qualification process for this use.
How do biomarkers work?
Biomarkers are molecules that indicate normal or abnormal process taking place in your body and may be a sign of an underlying condition or disease. Various types of molecules, such as DNA (genes), proteins or hormones, can serve as biomarkers, since they all indicate something about your health.
What makes an ideal biomarker?
However, certain universal characteristics are important for any biomarker: (1) they should be non-invasive, easily measured, inexpensive, and produce rapid results; (2) they should be from readily available sources, such as blood or urine; (3) they should have a high sensitivity, allowing early detection, and no …
How do you identify biomarkers?
There are three main steps in proteomic analysis in order to identify a biomarker in a specific disease. These steps including; (1) extraction and separation of proteins, (2) identification of proteins, and (3) verification of proteins (Fig. 1) (Liu et al, 2014).
What are health biomarkers?
Biomarkers are the measures used to perform a clinical assessment such as blood pressure or cholesterol level and are used to monitor and predict health states in individuals or across populations so that appropriate therapeutic intervention can be planned.
Are Biomarkers genetic?
In genetics, a biomarker (identified as genetic marker) is a DNA sequence that causes disease or is associated with susceptibility to disease. They can be used to create genetic maps of whatever organism is being studied.
How much does biomarker testing cost?
For biomarker-informed eligibility, we assumed testing 50% of US ever smokers (21.7 million)4 with the biomarker test, as the precise number needing testing is unknown. We applied hypothetical per-person biomarker costs ranging from $5 to $300.
Is age a biomarker?
Biomarkers of aging are biomarkers that could predict functional capacity at some later age better than chronological age. Similarly, skin wrinkles and other common changes seen with aging are not better indicators of future functionality than chronological age.
Is cholesterol a biomarker?
A biomarker represents a normal biological or pathogenic process, or pharmacologic response to an intervention. An example of a surrogate biomarker is the association of cholesterol level with cardiovascular disease risk.
Where do you get LDL cholesterol from?
Some cholesterol comes from the food you eat, and your liver makes more. It won’t dissolve in blood, so proteins carry it where it needs to go. These carriers are called lipoproteins. LDL is a tiny blob made up of an outer rim of lipoprotein with a cholesterol center.
What are cardiovascular risk markers?
Traditional markers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are those included in a lipid panel: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides.
What is cardiac risk?
What is a cardiac risk assessment? This is a group of tests and health factors that have been proven to indicate your chance of having a cardiovascular event such as a heart attack or stroke. They have been refined to indicate the degree of risk: borderline, intermediate, or high risk.
What is a good cardiovascular risk score?
If your risk score is between 10 15%, you are thought to be at moderate risk of getting cardiovascular disease in the next five years. If your risk score is less than 10%, you are thought to be at low risk of getting cardiovascular disease in the next five years.
Can a blood test detect cardiovascular disease?
It’s important to remember that one blood test alone doesn’t determine your risk of heart disease. The most important risk factors for heart disease are smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.
What are three warning signs or symptoms of cardiovascular disease?
Signs and symptoms can include:
- Chest pain, chest tightness, chest pressure and chest discomfort (angina)
- Shortness of breath.
- Pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in your legs or arms if the blood vessels in those parts of your body are narrowed.
- Pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen or back.