What is considered a safe therapeutic index?
A higher therapeutic index is preferable to a lower one: a patient would have to take a much higher dose of such a drug to reach the toxic threshold than the dose taken to elicit the therapeutic effect….Therapeutic index.
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| TR | Therapeutic Ratio |
What is considered a narrow therapeutic index?
Proposed NTI Drug Definition. • Narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drugs are defined as those drugs where. small differences in dose or blood concentration may lead to dose and blood concentration dependent, serious therapeutic failures or adverse drug reactions.
What are the FDA criteria for therapeutic equivalence?
FDA classifies as therapeutically equivalent those drug products that meet the following general criteria: (1) they are approved as safe and effective; (2) they are pharmaceutical equivalents in that they (a) contain identical amounts of the identical active drug ingredient in the identical dosage form and route of …
What drugs have a wide therapeutic index?
Most antibiotics, such as the β-lactams, macrolides and quinolones have a wide therapeutic index and therefore do not require therapeutic drug monitoring. Some, such as the aminoglycosides and vancomycin, have a narrow therapeutic index, and toxicity may be severe and irreversible.
What is a wide therapeutic index?
Drugs with a high therapeutic index have a wide margin of safety and less danger of producing toxic effects. Plasma drug levels do not need to be monitored routinely for drugs with a high therapeutic index.
What does it mean if a drug has a low therapeutic index?
Some drugs have a narrow therapeutic index, which means that there is only a small difference between the minimum effective concentrations and the minimum toxic concentrations in the blood. With such drugs, small increases in dose or in blood/serum concentrations could lead to toxic effects.
What does therapeutic level mean?
The therapeutic level of a drug in the bloodstream is the range within which that drug is expected to be effective. Your doctor can request a test to measure the amount of a specific drug in the serum portion of your blood.
Why are therapeutic levels important?
Most medicines can be dosed correctly without special testing. But for certain types of medicines, it can be hard to figure out a dose that provides enough medicine to treat your condition without causing dangerous side effects. TDM helps your provider find out if you are taking the right dose of your medicine.
What drugs require therapeutic monitoring?
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
| Drug Category | Drugs |
|---|---|
| Immunosuppressants | Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine |
| Anti-cancer drugs | Methotrexate, all cytotoxic agents |
| Psychiatric drugs | Lithium, valproic acid, some antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, doxepin, desipramine) |
What is the ratio between a drug’s therapeutic effects and toxic effects called?
The therapeutic index (TI; also known as therapeutic ratio) is a ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug causes a therapeutic effect to the amount that causes death (in animal studies) or toxicity (in human studies) [1].
What is a major disadvantage of the therapeutic ratio?
01) What is a major disadvantage of the therapeutic ratio? Feedback: The therapeutic ratio is an indication of the relative dose levels of a drug which will be effective, versus those which will be lethal. It gives no indication of chronic or non-lethal toxicity.
What does it mean when a drug is in therapeutic range?
The therapeutic range of a drug is the dosage range or blood plasma or serum concentration usually expected to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. This does not mean that patients may not achieve benefit at concentrations below the minimum threshold, or may not experience adverse effects if kept within the range.
How do you find a therapeutic range?
The TTR was calculated as the number of days within target range divided by the total number of days in the observation period.
When do you use therapeutic drug monitoring?
Monitoring drug concentration is more useful when drugs are used to prevent an adverse outcome, for example, graft rejection or to avoid toxicity, as with aminoglycosides. A drug should satisfy certain criteria to be suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring. Examples include: narrow target range.
What are the methods of therapeutic drug monitoring?
Modern methods used for monitoring of therapeutic drugs are highly sensitive, ultra rapid, uses micro volume and requires highly expensive sophisticated instrumen- tation such as Liquid chromatography high resolution TOF mass spectrometry, LC/MS/MS small volume micro assay technique, paper spray mass spectrometry etc.
How does therapeutic drug monitoring work?
What is therapeutic drug monitoring? Therapeutic drug monitoring is the measurement of specific drug concentrations in the blood at timed intervals, in order to maintain a relatively constant concentration of the medication in the circulation.