What is contact situation?
The Contact Situation. 1. The conditions under which groups first come into contact determine the fate of the minority group and shape intergroup relations for many years to come. 2. The Noel Hypothesis identifies three features of the contact situation that lead to inequality between groups.
What are the optimal prerequisites for successful intergroup contact?
Both groups must work together for their common goals without competition. Groups need to work together in the pursuit of common goals. Support of authorities, law or customs. Both groups must acknowledge some authority that supports the contact and interactions between the groups.
Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice?
Intergroup contact, however, is typically found to reduce intergroup bias, predicting lower intergroup anxiety and lower prejudice (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006).
What is Intergroup Theory?
Developmental intergroup theory specifies the mechanisms and rules that govern the processes by which children single out groups as targets of stereotyping and prejudice, and by which children learn and construct both the characteristics (i.e., stereotypes) and affective responses (i.e., prejudices) that are associated …
What is intergroup contact psychology?
Intergroup contact, that is, contact between members of different groups, is an effective means to reduce mutual prejudice and increase trust and forgiveness. Reduced intergroup anxiety and increased empathy have been shown to mediate intergroup contact effects.
Why does contact between groups reduce prejudice?
Researchers have suggested that contact between groups can reduce prejudice because it reduces feelings of anxiety (people may be anxious about interacting with members of a group they have had little contact with).
What is Recategorization in psychology?
The common ingroup identity group model harnesses the forces of how we categorize ourselves into social groups and redirects it towards the elimination of intergroup bias with recategorization. Recategorization encourages the members of both groups to consider themselves as belonging to a common superordinate group.
What is parasocial contact hypothesis?
We propose a communication analogue to Allport’s () Contact Hypothesis called the Parasocial Contact Hypothesis (PCH). If people process mass-mediated parasocial interaction in a manner similar to interpersonal interaction, then the socially beneficial functions of intergroup contact may result from parasocial contact.
Why are Parasocial relationships bad?
The lack of connection to a person can lead to an unhealthy obsession with someone that cannot see them. Why are parasocial relationships negative? These relationships are dangerous because they create the delusional idea that a person on screen is a friend.
What is a common bond group?
Common bond groups are groups with a high personal attraction, but they show diversity in the group attraction, whereas common identity groups distinguish themselves by a high group attraction, but their members differ in the amount of perceived personal attraction.
What is ingroup identification?
regarded ingroup identification as the personal signifi- cance that a group membership holds for an individual. (e.g., Tajfel, 1981) or the importance of a group mem- bership to one’s sense of self (e.g., Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992).
What does common identity mean?
Common-identity groups comprise members who share a social category and are attracted to the group as a whole as well as its overarching identity. More specifically, members of common-identity groups are attracted to the group’s norms, goals, activities, and other defining features.
How can creating a common in group identity reduce intergroup hostility?
Creating a sense of common ingroup identity reduces bias by harnessing and redirecting the forces of ingroup favoritism (e.g., spontaneous positive evaluations and enhanced sensitivity and responsiveness to unfair treatment; Otten and Moskowitz, 2000; Tyler and Blader, 2003) to improve attitudes toward people formerly …
What is conflict theory of intergroup relations?
The theory explains how intergroup hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources, and it also offers an explanation for the feelings of prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup that accompany the intergroup hostility.
What is the difference between intragroup and intergroup?
Intragroup – this refers to the conflict between one or more people in the same group or team. Intergroup – these involve several different teams and are often difficult to handle without external support or preventative/corrective action.
What are the factors of intergroup relations?
Researchers have since added other, broader variables that influence whether contact leads to positive results: societal factors, which include the structure of society, the historical and current relations between the groups that are in contact; the cultural background of the groups involved; and personal factors.
What are the 5 characteristics of a minority group?
According to Charles Wagley and Marvin Harris (1958), a minority group is distinguished by five characteristics: (1) unequal treatment and less power over their lives, (2) distinguishing physical or cultural traits like skin colour or language, (3) involuntary membership in the group, (4) awareness of subordination.
What is intergroup competition?
Competition or cooperation can occur both within a group (intragroup) and between groups (intergroup). Thus, individuals may be in either a competitive or cooperative relationship within a group, and their group can simultaneously be in either a competitive or cooperative relationship with other groups.
What is expulsion in sociology?
Expulsion refers to a dominant group forcing a subordinate group to leave a certain area or country. As seen in the examples of the Beothuk and the Holocaust, expulsion can be a factor in genocide. However, it can also stand on its own as a destructive group interaction.
What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group?
Assimilation- minority group is absorbed into dominant culture.
What is an example of segregation?
Segregation is the act of separating, especially when applied to separating people by race. An example of segregation is when African American and Caucasian children were made to attend different schools.
What is assimilation in sociology?
Assimilation, in anthropology and sociology, the process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society.
What are the two types of assimilation?
Assimilation occurs in two different types: complete assimilation, in which the sound affected by assimilation becomes exactly the same as the sound causing assimilation, and partial assimilation, in which the sound becomes the same in one or more features but remains different in other features.
What are examples of assimilation?
Examples of Assimilation He argued that they actively try to make sense of the world, constantly forming new ideas and experimenting with those ideas. Examples of assimilation include: A child sees a new type of dog that they’ve never seen before and immediately points to the animal and says, “Dog!”
What is an example of forced assimilation?
Some examples are both the German and French forced assimilation in the provinces Alsace and (at least a part of) Lorraine, and some decades after the Swedish conquests of the Danish provinces Scania, Blekinge and Halland the local population was submitted to forced assimilation, or even the forced assimilation of …