What is difference between wire drawing and bar drawing?
A bar or rod is drawn down in order to reduce its diameter. Basic difference between bar drawing and wire drawing is the size of bar stock used for bar drawing is large. Wire is a drawn product having less than 5 mm. For wire drawing smaller diameter bar stock is used.
What is deep drawing in maths?
Deep Drawings: Deep drawing of a house is a 3D representation of the map of a house. Here are four deep drawings of a house are given. c) d) Which one is the correct deep drawing of the above given floor map. Ans: ‘d’ Why do the other three deep drawings not match with the floor map.
Which condition is highly critical for drawing operation?
The stress conditions determine the forming process at deep drawing. The important stress condition in the cup wall is the point of transition of the punch radius to the cup wall area. This loading zone is characterized by a plane strain load, whereas the cup bottom has a biaxial stress load.
What is drawing quality steel?
Drawing steel is a softer steel that typically contains less than . 05 percent carbon. If a customer’s product needed the ability to be moderately bent or shaped in the manufacturing process, then drawing would be a suitable choice.
How do you calculate deep drawing force?
F = Spdt, where F is the maximum punch force in pounds, S is the nominal tensile strength of the material being drawn (psi), d is the punch or cup diameter and t is the blank thickness. Thus, the force equals pressure times the cross-sectional area of the cup wall.
How do you find the blank size of a deep drawing?
Calculation steps of blank size:
- Determine the margin for trimming.
- Calculate the surface area of the drawn part. The deep drawing is divided into several simple geometries. Find the surface area ofeach simple geometry.
- According to the principle of equal surface area, find the diameter of the blank.
How do you calculate cutting force in press tools?
Press Force calculation: The area to be cut is found by multiplying the length of cut by stock thickness. Cutting force (F) = L x S x T max L = Length of periphery to be cut in mm. S = Sheet thickness in mm T max = Shear strength in N/mm2 Shear and tensile strengths for most materials are not the same.
How do you calculate press tonnage?
Material thickness, die-opening width, and the length of bend are all in inches.
- Forming tonnage = {[575 x (Material thickness squared)] /Die-opening width/12} × Length of bend × Material factor × Method factor × Multiple-bend tooling factor.
- Material factor = Material tensile strength in PSI/60,000.
Why is it called a press brake?
The 15th century definition of brake was “an instrument for crushing or pounding.” Ultimately the term “brake” became synonymous with “machine,” derived over time from machines used to crush grain and plant fibers. So in its simplest form, a “pressing machine” and a “press brake” are one in the same.
What does press tonnage mean?
The tonnage rating of any press is the largest load, in tons, that the press can withstand without causing structural damage to the machine frame, slide-adjusting mechanisms, pitman (connection rods) or main gear bushings.
How do you calculate pressing capacity?
Punching Force Calculation Formula
- Perimeter = 20×4 = 80mm.
- Thickness = 3mm.
- Shear Strength = 0.3447kn/mm.
What is the formula of stress?
The stress equation is: σ = F/A. F denotes the force acting on a body and A denotes the area. Units of stress are the same as units of pressure – Pascals (symbol: Pa) or Newtons per squared meter. Positive stress means that the object is in tension – it “wants” to elongate.
How do you calculate punch size and die?
Punch diameter = 100 mm (determines smallest opening). Die diameter = 100 + 2(0.1 × 5.6) = 101.1 mm. Let s mm = the depth of shear required to reduce the punch load to 300 kN. Work available during shearing stroke = (300 s)J.
What is a tonnage?
1a : the cubical content of a merchant ship in units of 100 cubic feet. b : the displacement of a warship. 2a : total weight in tons shipped, carried, or produced. b : impressively large amount or weight.
What is GRT NRT and DWT?
Follow. Gross tonnage is volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship. Net tonnage is volume of all cargo carrying space of ship.
What is deadweight?
The deadweight is the difference between the displacement and the mass of empty vessel (lightweight) at any given draught. It is a measure of ship’s ability to carry various items: cargo, stores, ballast water, provisions and crew, etc.
What is the ton symbol?
t
What is 1000 kg called?
metric ton
Why is 100 called ton?
The etymology of “ton” is described by the OED as derived from French meaning “cask.” My question is essentially how a word with this origin came to have a colloquial meaning referring to one hundred of something, such as in OED definitions referring to 100 points in cricket or darts, or 100 pounds in money.
Why is a ton 2000 lbs?
The ton is derived from the tun, the term applied to a cask of the largest capacity. This could contain a volume between 175 and 213 imperial gallons (210 and 256 US gal; 800 and 970 l), which could weigh around 2,000 pounds (910 kg) and occupy some 60 cubic feet (1.7 m3) of space.