What is epidemiologic surveillance and why do we need it?
Surveillance activities are a cornerstone of the public health efforts to stop the spread of HIV. Epidemiological surveillance is defined as the “ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data that are essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice” (25).
What is the main purpose of epidemiological surveillance?
The purpose of public health surveillance, which is sometimes called “information for action,” (18) is to portray the ongoing patterns of disease occurrence and disease potential so that investigation, control, and prevention measures can be applied efficiently and effectively.
What is meant by epidemiological surveillance?
Epidemiological surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis and dissemination of health data for the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health programmes.
What are some limitations of surveillance systems?
Surveillance need not be perfect to be useful. However, surveillance might have limitations, particularly as a result of underreporting, lack of representativeness, and lack of timeliness, that compromise its usefulness.
WHO Steps surveillance?
The WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) is the WHO-recommended framework for NCD surveillance. We are building one common approach to defining core variables for surveys, surveillance and monitoring instruments. The goal is to achieve data comparability over time and between countries.
What is the purpose of surveillance?
The purpose of surveillance is to try to detect where disease organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, might be located in Texas in order to predict and prevent human illness. Two main types of surveillance activities are conducted.
What are the benefits of disease surveillance?
Surveillance systems generate data that help public health officials understand existing and emerging infectious and non-infectious diseases. Without a proper understanding of the health problem (etiology, distribution, and mechanism of infection), it will be difficult to ameliorate the health issue.
Why is disease surveillance important?
Surveillance systems also serve to monitor trends of endemic diseases, progress towards disease control objectives, and to provide information which may be used to evaluate the impact of disease prevention and control programmes.
Who does Disease Surveillance?
CDC conducts case surveillance through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). In the case surveillance process, about 3,000 health departments gather and use data on disease cases to protect their local communities.
Why do we undertake public health surveillance?
Public health surveillance provides and interprets data to facilitate the prevention and control of disease. To achieve this purpose, surveillance for a disease or other health problem should have clear objectives.
What are three features of a good public health surveillance system?
Guidelines published by the CDC have suggested several criteria for evaluating public health surveillance systems, including simplicity, data quality, acceptability, sensitivity, positive predictive value, representativeness, timeliness, stability, usefulness, flexibility, and cost.
What are the 3 main types of public health surveillance?
Passive surveillance, active surveillance, and also syndromic surveillance. Passive surveillance is the most common form of surveillance and occurs when laboratories, physicians, or other healthcare providers regularly report cases or disease to the local health department.
Why public surveillance is bad?
First, surveillance is harm- ful because it can chill the exercise of our civil liberties. With respect to civil liberties, consider surveillance of people when they are think- ing, reading, and communicating with others in order to make up their minds about political and social issues.
Is surveillance a bad thing?
First, surveillance is harmful because it can chill the exercise of our civil liberties. With respect to civil liberties, consider surveillance of people when they are thinking, reading, and communicating with others in order to make up their minds about political and social issues.
How does surveillance affect behavior?
Compared to a control situation without camera presence, camera surveillance instilling the impression that others are watching/evaluating one’s behavior will lower incidences of cheating (2a) and increases pro-social behavior (2b).