What is epidemiology of cholera?

What is epidemiology of cholera?

It is an indicator of socioeconomic problems and is a global threat to public health. Worldwide, approximately 3–5 million cholera cases and 100,000–120,000 deaths due to cholera occur annually. Cholera is transmitted by drinking water or eating food, which is contaminated with the Vibrio cholerae.

Is cholera endemic or epidemic?

Cholera has been endemic in the Ganges Delta since time immemorial. There were annual epidemics in West Bengal and Bangladesh. From 1817 to 1926, the disease has spread worldwide resulting in six pandemics.

Where is cholera endemic?

Cholera is endemic in approximately 50 countries, primarily in Africa and South and Southeast Asia, and can emerge in dramatic epidemics, although most cases go unreported.

What was John Snow’s contribution to epidemiology?

In the mid-1800s, an anesthesiologist named John Snow was conducting a series of investigations in London that warrant his being considered the “father of field epidemiology.” Twenty years before the development of the microscope, Snow conducted studies of cholera outbreaks both to discover the cause of disease and to …

What did John Snow prove?

Snow was able to prove that the cholera was not a problem in Soho except among people who were in the habit of drinking water from the Broad Street pump. He also studied samples of water from the pump and found white flecks floating in it, which he believed were the source of contamination.

What was Dr Snow’s hypothesis?

Snow’s hypothesis was that cholera was a waterborne disease and the source of the epidemic was a pump somewhere in the city. Except for the very wealthy, most Londoners during this time period obtained their water for drinking, washing, and food preparation from a town pump closest to where they lived.

What type of data did John Snow collect?

The epidemic ended in 1849, but Snow continued to collect data on the pattern of of disease and began finding evidence that linked cholera to specific sources of water. Many Londoners received their water from hand pump wells (below) that were located throughout the city.

Who is father of public health?

Prince Mahdol’s life and work (1891-1929) remains a great inspiration to all Thai medical and public health personnel. He was named ‘Father of Public Health and Modem Medicine’ in Thailand because of his great contributions in these two important areas.

Who is the first true epidemiologist?

The Greek physician Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine, and was the first epidemiologist. Hippocrates sought a logic to sickness. He is the first person known to have examined the relationships between the occurrence of disease and environmental influences.

What is the old public health?

In what is frequently referred to as the old public health, our early efforts in disease prevention were directed at providing access to clean water, safe housing, and more nutritious and cleaner sources of food, especially meat products.

What are the five milestones of public health?

Public Health Milestones

• 2020 COVID-19 PANDEMIC.
• VACCINES AGAINST POLIO & OTHER PREVENTABLE DISEASES.
• DECLINE IN TOBACCO USE.
• DECLINE IN DEATH FROM HEART DISEASE.
• TREATMENTS AND EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER.
• TREATMENTS AND PROPHYLAXIS FOR HIV/AIDS.
• EARLY CHILDHOOD HEALTH AND NUTRITION.

What is the greatest public health achievement?

Ten Great Public Health Achievements – United States, 1900-1999

• Safer Workplaces.
• Control of Infectious Diseases.
• Decline in Deaths From Coronary Heart Diseases and Stroke.
• Safer and Healthier Foods.
• Healthier Mothers and Babies.
• Family Planning.
• Fluoridation of Drinking Water.
• Recognition of Tobacco Use as a Health Hazard.

What are the major challenges for the 21st century in public health?

Today’s health challenges are formidable, including an ageing population; unhealthy lifestyles; the burden of behavioural determinants leading to increased mortality and morbidity from noncommunicable diseases; the rapid transfer of infectious pathogens and the potential for global pandemics; national disasters.