What is fetus hydantoin syndrome?
Summary. Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a characteristic pattern of mental and physical birth defects that results from maternal use of the anti-seizure (anticonvulsant) drug phenytoin (Dilantin) during pregnancy. The range and severity of associated abnormalities will vary greatly from one infant to another.
What is phenytoin syndrome?
Fetal hydantoin syndrome, also called fetal dilantin syndrome, is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to teratogenic effects of phenytoin. Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy.
What is the risk of taking phenytoin to the fetus while pregnant?
Phenytoin is a medication used to treat epilepsy (seizure disorder). If phenytoin is taken by the mother in the first trimester, there is approximately a 5 to 10 percent chance that the baby could be born with a combination of birth defects known as the Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome.
What does phenytoin do to fetus?
Phenytoin Pregnancy Warnings Administration of this drug to pregnant animals resulted in teratogenicity (increased incidences of fetal malformations) and other developmental toxicity (including embryofetal death, growth impairment, and behavioral abnormalities) in multiple animal species at clinically relevant doses.
What are the signs and symptoms of theophylline toxicity?
What happens to patients with theophylline intoxication? Signs of mild theophylline toxicity are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tachycardia, and muscle tremor and are usually seen with levels around 20 to 25 mg/L.
What are the signs of xanthine toxicity?
Symptoms of overdose may include unusually fast or slow heartbeat, loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting, sleeplessness, irritability, restlessness, headache, increased thirst, fever, ringing in ears, delirium, muscle twitching or weakness, seizures, sweating, or fast breathing.
What are the long term side effects of theophylline?
The side effects of theophylline may include stomach upset, headache and although rare, seizures and heart arrythmias. In addition, blood levels need to be monitored and certain medicines can cause theophylline levels to increase.
What are the common side effects of theophylline?
Nausea/vomiting, stomach/abdominal pain, headache, trouble sleeping, diarrhea, irritability, restlessness, nervousness, shaking, or increased urination may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
What happens when you stop taking theophylline?
“If you suddenly stop taking theophylline, your asthma symptoms may return, which could lead to a potentially fatal asthma attack.”
What does theophylline do to the body?
Theophylline is used to prevent and treat wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and other lung diseases. It relaxes and opens air passages in the lungs, making it easier to breathe.
What foods contain theophylline?
Theophylline is found in black tea and to a lesser extent in green coffee, cocoa cotyledon and dried mate.
Does coffee contain methylxanthine?
Linked to three of the most consumed beverages (coffee, tea, and cacao) are the most popular methylxanthines: caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine (Table 1). Caffeine is the most abundant methylxanthine in coffee, its level being smaller in chocolate than in coffee.
Can you drink coffee with theophylline?
theophylline caffeine Avoid drinks or foods that contain caffeine, such as coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate. You may need a dose adjustment or special test if you use both medications.