What is forming process in sheet metal?
Sheet metal forming is a process where pieces of sheet metal are modified to its geometry rather than removing any materials. The applied process generates a force that stresses the material to deform. This in turn gives the possibility to bend och stretch the sheet to a variety of complex shapes.
What is sheet metal cutting process?
Cutting processes are those in which a piece of sheet metal is separated by applying a great enough force to caused the material to fail. The most common cutting processes are performed by applying a shearing force, and are therefore sometimes referred to as shearing processes.
What is the sequence of operations involved in manufacturing a sheet metal forming part?
Forming is divided into six different manufacturing processes as defined by DIN 8580. In addition to rolling, these forming processes include bending, deep drawing, extrusion and bar extrusion as well as drop forging and open die forging.
What are the 3 main defects found in sheet metal forming processes?
Wrinkles, splits, and springback are the three most common defects encountered during sheet metal stamping.
What is cold working process as pertaining to metal forming?
Cold forming or cold working is any metalworking process in which metal is shaped below its recrystallization temperature, usually at the ambient temperature. Such processes are contrasted with hot working techniques like hot rolling, forging, welding, etc.
Which of the following metal forming processes is best suitable for making the wires?
Drawing
Which of the following can help in determining the Behaviour of the material in metal forming?
1. Which of the following can help in determining the behaviour of the material in metal forming? Explanation: The behaviour of materials during metal forming can be determined by the stress-strain curve. The stress-strain curve for most of the materials is divided into an elastic region and a plastic region.
Which of the following method is used for analyzing metal forming processes?
Which of the following method is commonly used for analyzing metal forming processes? Explanation: Out of all analysing methods, perhaps, slab method (elementary theory) is commonly used and is a simple analytical procedure based on principles of mechanism.
Which of the following factors is not considered in a ram type injection molding?
Which of the following factors is not considered in a ram type injection molding? Explanation: Among the following, the inner pressure of the material, the outer pressure of the material as well as the mold and the temperature of the material and mold are important factors to be considered.
What is the minimum thickness required by the plastic for vacuum forming?
0.125 mm
Which of the following is a type of extrusion process?
Extrusion is classified in general into four types. They are: Direct extrusion, indirect extrusion, impact extrusion and hydrostatic extrusion. In extrusion process, the billet is placed in a container, pushed through the die opening using a ram and dummy block. Both ram and billet move.
What are the two types of extrusion?
There are different types of extrusion processes, however, including cold, hot, friction and micro.
- Cold Extrusion. With cold extrusion, metal is forced through the die while at or near room temperature.
- Hot Extrusion.
- Friction Extrusion.
- Micro Extrusion.
What is the process of extrusion?
Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile. A material is pushed through a die of the desired cross-section. The extrusion process can be done with the material hot or cold.
What are the types of extruder?
Extruders are screw reactors, and extrusion is a series of processes which includes mixing, forming, puffing and drying. Single and twin screw extruders are the two main types of extruders based on screw configuration.
How does an extruder work?
Plastic pellets are fed from a hopper into the barrel of the extruder, where the pellets are gradually melted by mechanical energy generated by a turning screw and by heaters arranged along the barrel. The molten polymer is forced through a die, which shapes the extrudate into products such as the examples shown.
What is extruder machine?
An extruder is simply the machine used to complete the extrusion process. Using a system of barrels and cylinders, the machine heats up the product and propels it through the die to create the desired shape.
What is forward extrusion?
Direct extrusion, also called as forward extrusion, is a type of extrusion that occurs when the direction of flow of metal is the same that movement of ram. A s can be seen in the following figure: Many cross sections are manufactured by this method.
What is the difference between forward extrusion and backward extrusion?
Forward Extrusion, where metal is forced to flow in the same direction as the ram being used to apply pressure. Backward Extrusion, as the description suggests is the opposite of forward extrusion and is where metal is forced to flow in the opposite direction to the ram.
What is backward extrusion?
Indirect or backward extrusion is a type of metal extrusion process wherein the billet(work-piece) is kept inside the chamber, which is completely closed on one side. In this type of extrusion, the billet and the container move simultaneously whereas the die remains stationery.
What is the difference between direct and indirect extrusion?
In the direct process, as described above, the die is stationary and the press ram applies pressure on to the billet. In the indirect method, the ram carries the die and applies pressure on to the stationary billet, in the opposite direction of extrusion.
What are the disadvantages of extrusion?
Disadvantages of extrusion
- Variations in size of product.
- Product limitations because of only one type of cross section can be obtained at a time.
- High initial cost setup.
What are the main extrusion defects?
The common defects in extrusion process are: Improper System Engineering/Installation, Improper Operation, Resin Defects, Improper Materials Addition, Surging, Poor mixing, Melt toughness or fracture, Overheating, Moisture release, Trapped air, Contamination. Wrong Clamps used or Clamps too tight.
What is the difference between direct expenses and indirect expenses?
Direct Expenses: Direct expenses are those expenses that are paid only for the business part of your home. Indirect Expenses: Indirect Expenses are those expenses that are paid for keeping up and running your entire home. Examples of indirect expenses generally include insurance, utilities, and general home repairs.
What are direct expenses examples?
Examples of direct expenses
- raw materials.
- sales commissions.
- manufacturing supplies.
- direct labor.
- customer service.
- purchase of goods to be sold.
- transit of goods from the supplier.
Is Rent a direct expense?
Rent, rates and taxes is an example of direct expenses.
Is Rent a direct or indirect expense?
Unlike direct costs, you cannot assign indirect expenses to specific cost objects. Examples of indirect costs include rent, utilities, general office expenses, employee salaries, professional expenses, and other overhead costs. For example, you make rent and utility payments to keep your business going.
What are the direct income in accounts?
Direct income is one which is earned directly by way of business activities. Indirect income is one which is earned by way of non-business activities. For example, sale of old newspapers, sale of carton boxes, etc.
What is real direct income?
Real income is the flow of commodities and services available to families for satisfying their needs and wants. Real income can be classified as direct and indirect. Direct Income. It consist of those material goods and services available to the family members without the use of money.