What is land topography define it with examples?
Definition. Topography of the Land Surface. Physical features that make up the topography of an area include mountains, valleys, plains, and bodies of water. Human-made features such as roads, railroads, and landfills are also often considered part of a region’s topography (American Heritage Science Dictionary, 2005).
How is topography measured?
Measuring topography can refer to mathematical assessments of elevation and streamflow, or it can mean defining various geologic and geographic variables to describe a region. A topographic map’s contour lines derive from regularly measured or extrapolated elevations.
What is natural topography?
Natural topography means the elevation of a parcel of land prior to any human modification of the topography. Natural topography or “natural grade” means the elevation of a parcel of land prior to any human modification of the contours and physiography.
What is topography of soil?
The term topography refers to the configuration of the land’s surface. Thus, from a pedologic perspective, topography is important because it exerts a strong influence on the disposition of energy and matter experienced by soils on the landscape.
What is topography of a country?
Topography is a detailed map of the surface features of land. It includes the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a particular hunk of earth. Topography represents a particular area in detail, including everything natural and man-made — hills, valleys, roads, or lakes.
What are topographic factors?
The factors concerned with topography or physical features of an area are called topographic factors. Topographic factors include height, direction of slope, steepness of the slope.
How does topography affect agriculture?
Topography affects agriculture as it relates to soil erosion, difficulty of tillage and poor transportation facilities. In areas where the pressure on soil is great, even the slopes of mountains are terraced into small farms to provide agricultural land.
How does topography affect erosion?
Topography, or lay of the land, is an important variable in water erosion. More specifically, the degree of steepness (percent slope), as well as the slope length, is important. When the slope is longer (length), surface area for water collection also increases and therefore increases the run-off volume. …
What is the process of wind erosion?
Wind erosion is a natural process that moves soil from one location to another by wind power. Wind erosion can be caused by a light wind that rolls soil particles along the surface through to a strong wind that lifts a large volume of soil particles into the air to create dust storms.
What are factors of erosion?
The most important erosion factors include the climatic, hydrological, topographic, soil, geological and vegetation conditions, as well as the economic and technical and the socioeconomic conditions of the human society.
How do humans cause erosion?
How have humans caused erosion? Human activity has increased the rate of erosion in many areas. This happens through farming, ranching, cutting down forests, and the building of roads and cities. Human activity has caused about one million acres of topsoil to erode each year.
What are the 5 causes of erosion?
5 Common Causes of Soil Erosion
- Water. Water is very effective at doing work.
- Wind. Although wind usually erodes soil more slowly than water, Florida does have an active hurricane season from June to November.
- Gravity. When thinking about soil erosion, gravity often worked in conjunction with water and wind.
- Construction.
- Recreational Activities.
What are the 3 types of wind erosion?
The three processes of wind erosion are surface creep, saltation and suspension.
What are 3 types of erosion?
Erosion involved three processes: detachment (from the ground), transportation (via water or wind), and deposition. The deposition is often in places we don’t want the soil such as streams, lakes, reservoirs, or deltas.
What are 4 examples of erosion?
Examples of Erosion:
- Caves. Caves are carved out over thousands of years by flowing water, but that activity can be sped up by carbonic acid present in the water.
- River Banks.
- Cracks in Rocks.
- Gravitation Erosion.
- Coastal Erosion.
What are the 2 types of erosion?
Erosion is the process where rocks are broken down by natural forces such as wind or water. There are two main types of erosion: chemical and physical.
What are the four erosion processes?
The four main types of river erosion are abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action and solution. Abrasion is the process of sediments wearing down the bedrock and the banks.
What is the river erosion process?
Erosion is the process that wears away the river bed and banks. Erosion also breaks up the rocks that are carried by the river. Hydraulic action – This is the sheer power of the water as it smashes against the river banks. Air becomes trapped in the cracks of the river bank and bed, and causes the rock to break apart.
What are the four processes of transportation?
Transport
- Solution – minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution.
- Suspension – fine light material is carried along in the water.
- Saltation – small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed.
- Traction – large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed.
What is vertical erosion?
Vertical erosion involves the wearing away and deepening of the river bed. This is mostly by hydraulic action. It is most common in the upper course of the river.
Where does vertical erosion occur?
VERTICAL EROSION is the main process in the upper course of the river, as the river wants to get to sea level. This process creates five distinctive features; a v- shaped valley, interlocking spurs, waterfalls, gorges and rapids. These occur when there are horizontal bands of hard and soft rock.
What is river long profile?
The long profile of a river is a way of displaying the channel slope of a river along its entire course. As a result the gradient of the river will generally decrease creating a concave long profile with distance down stream, and deposition serves to enhance this phenomenon further.
Where is a river velocity the highest?
Stream velocity is greatest in midstream near the surface and is slowest along the stream bed and banks due to friction. Hydraulic radius (HR or just R) is the ratio of the cross-sectional area divided by the wetted perimeter.
Which part of a river flows the fastest?
The current is faster at a place where the bottom of a river is steep. A place where water flows fast in a river is where the width is narrow and the bottom steep. An example of such a river would be in a gorge of the upper reaches. Usually the speed of river water is fastest in the upper reaches.
What is River efficiency?
• The efficiency of a rivers channel is measured by finding its Hydraulic radius. It is the ratio between the length of wetted perimeter and cross section of a river channel.
What is velocity of a river?
A river’s velocity refers to the speed at which water moves through its channel. The velocity can change at various points along the course of a river.