What is leftist wing?
Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition of social hierarchy. The word wing was first appended to Left and Right in the late 19th century, usually with disparaging intent, and left-wing was applied to those who were unorthodox in their religious or political views.
What is the difference between left-wing and right-wing?
Generally, the left-wing is characterized by an emphasis on “ideas such as freedom, equality, fraternity, rights, progress, reform and internationalism” while the right-wing is characterized by an emphasis on “notions such as authority, hierarchy, order, duty, tradition, reaction and nationalism”.
What is far left in politics?
Far-left politics are politics further to the left of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left. Some scholars define it as representing the left of social democracy while others limit it to the left of communist parties.
Is authoritarianism right or left?
Altemeyer’s personal distinction is that a right-wing authoritarian submits to the established authorities in society whereas left-wing authoritarians submit to authorities who want to overthrow the establishment.
Is a libertarian left or right?
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes right-libertarian philosophy as follows: Libertarianism is often thought of as ‘right-wing’ doctrine. First, on social—rather than economic—issues, libertarianism tends to be ‘left-wing’.
What is the RWA?
Risk-weighted asset (also referred to as RWA) is a bank’s assets or off-balance-sheet exposures, weighted according to risk. This sort of asset calculation is used in determining the capital requirement or Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) for a financial institution.
What is total regulatory capital?
A capital requirement (also known as regulatory capital or capital adequacy) is the amount of capital a bank or other financial institution has to have as required by its financial regulator. This is usually expressed as a capital adequacy ratio of equity as a percentage of risk-weighted assets.
What is car and Crar?
Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is also known as Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR), is the ratio of a bank’s capital to its risk. It is a measure of a bank’s capital. It is expressed as a percentage of a bank’s risk-weighted credit exposures.
Which risks are categorized as operational risk under Basel II?
The Basel Committee defines operational risk in Basel II and Basel III as: The risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. This definition includes legal risk, but excludes strategic and reputational risk.
Which department is immune to operational risk?
Four principles. The U.S. Department of Defense summarizes the principles of ORM as follows: Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost. Accept no unnecessary risk.
What is Basel IV in simple terms?
Basel IV introduces changes that limit the reduction in capital that can result from banks’ use of internal models under the Internal Ratings-Based approach. A higher leverage ratio for Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs), with the increase equal to 50% of the risk adjusted capital ratio.
Is legal risk an operational risk?
Operational risk has been defined by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision1 as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. This definition includes legal risk, but excludes strategic and reputational risk.
What constitutes legal risk?
Legal risk is the risk of financial or reputational loss that can result from lack of awareness or misunderstanding of, ambiguity in, or reckless indifference to, the way law and regulation apply to your business, its relationships, processes, products and services.
What is Undiversifiable risk?
In finance and economics, systematic risk (in economics often called aggregate risk or undiversifiable risk) is vulnerability to events which affect aggregate outcomes such as broad market returns, total economy-wide resource holdings, or aggregate income.
What is the process of risk?
Process Risk is considered to be a sub-component of operational risk. It exists when the process that supports a business activity lacks both efficiency and effectiveness, which may then lead to financial, customer, and reputational loss. This form of risk may be present within any stage of a business transactions.
What is a risk to a project?
Project risk is defined by PMI as, “an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project’s objectives.” Risk: The likelihood that a project will fail to meet its objectives. A risk: A single action, event or hardware component that contributes to an effort’s “Risk.”
What is concentration risk in banking?
Concentration risk is a banking term describing the level of risk in a bank’s portfolio arising from concentration to a single counterparty, sector or country. The risk arises from the observation that more concentrated portfolios are less diverse and therefore the returns on the underlying assets are more correlated.
What is debt risk?
Credit risk is the possibility of a loss resulting from a borrower’s failure to repay a loan or meet contractual obligations. Interest payments from the borrower or issuer of a debt obligation are a lender’s or investor’s reward for assuming credit risk.
What is non financial risk in banking?
Non-financial risks (NFR) are all of the risks which are not covered by traditional financial risk management. This negative definition resembles the initial definition of operational risk, and it depends on the bank or cooperation whether or not they use the term operational risk synchronously with NFR.
When did Franklin National Bank in the United States collapse?
Oct