What is short epidemiology?
By definition, epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global).
What is an epidemiologic study design?
Epidemiologic Study Designs. • Descriptive studies. – Seeks to measure the frequency of disease and/or. collect descriptive data on risk factors. • Analytic studies.
What are the two types of epidemiology?
Epidemiologic studies fall into two categories: experimental and observational.
What are the major types of epidemiologic studies?
Epidemiological studies generally fall into four broad categories:
- cross-sectional studies.
- case-control studies.
- cohort studies.
- intervention studies.
What are the basic principles of epidemiology?
Basic epidemiologic methods tend to rely on careful observation and use of valid comparison groups to assess whether what was observed, such as the number of cases of disease in a particular area during a particular time period or the frequency of an exposure among persons with disease, differs from what might be …
What is epidemiological concept?
(1) It is a quantitative science concerned in infectious diseases with the circumstances under which disease processes occur, the factors that affect their incidence and the host response to the infectious agent, and the use of this knowledge for control and prevention.
What are the two main goal of epidemiology?
The principal aim of epidemiology is to identify factors related to the occurrence of disease. Identification of these factors both causal ( causation) and risk factors, enable developing a rational basis for prevention ( epidemiology, prevention).
What are the 3 main elements of descriptive epidemiology?
In descriptive epidemiology, we organize and summarize data according to time, place, and person. These three characteristics are sometimes called the epidemiologic variables.
What is epidemiological triangle?
The Epidemiologic Triangle, sometimes referred to as the Epidemiologic Triad, is a tool that scientists use for addressing the three components that contribute to the spread of disease: an external agent, a susceptible host and an environment that brings the agent and host together.
Why is age important in epidemiology?
Analyses by age are among the most widely used tools from the epidemiological toolbox. They are mostly used to adjust for confounding (as a result of age) or to assess effect modification.
What is a case series study?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A case series (also known as a clinical series) is a type of medical research study that tracks subjects with a known exposure, such as patients who have received a similar treatment, or examines their medical records for exposure and outcome.
How do you write a good case series?
The ideal case series would have a prospective design, would contain a clear definition of its population, the intervention, the outcomes, and the amount of follow-up, and would not make any causal inferences about the treatment effect.
What is the difference between case study and case series?
A case study, also known as a case report, is an in depth or intensive study of a single individual or specific group, while a case series is a grouping of similar case studies / case reports together.
How do you identify a cohort study?
A well-designed cohort study can provide powerful results. In a cohort study, an outcome or disease-free study population is first identified by the exposure or event of interest and followed in time until the disease or outcome of interest occurs (Figure 3A).
What is an example of a cohort study?
One famous example of a cohort study is the Nurses’ Health Study, a large, long-running analysis of women’s health, originally set up in 1976 to investigate the potential long term consequences of the use of oral contraceptives.
What is an example of cohort?
A “cohort” is any group of people with a shared characteristic. For example, in a birth cohort, what’s common to all individuals is their birth year. In a cohort study, the study participants are followed over time—from weeks to years, depending on the time frame.