What is Socrates final objection to Polemarchus account of justice?
Socrates’ objections to Polemarchus’ definition are as follows: (i) Is this appropriate in medicine or cooking? So in what context is this the case? (332d)? (ii) The just person will also be good at useless things and at being unjust (333e). (iii) We often do not know who our friends and enemies are.
How does Socrates refute thrasymachus definition of justice?
Thrasymachus sings the praises of the art of rulership, which Thrasymachus sees as an expertise in advancing its possessor’s self-interest at the expense of the ruled. So Socrates tries to refute Thrasymachus by proving that it is justice rather than injustice that has the features of a genuine expertise. (
What is wrong with Cephalus definition of justice?
Cephalus: Definition (331b-c): Justice is telling the truth and paying one’s debts. The definition offered by Cephalus is inadequate because returning the sword fits the proposed definition but it is clearly not the right thing to do.
What notion of justice does cephalus introduce?
Polemarchus’ Definition of Justice Polemarchus (Cephalus’ son) says justice is doing good to your friends and doing harm to your enemies; Socrates says our friends may not be virtuous and our enemies may be, so we should never do harm sure of their beliefs than they had at the start of the conversation.
What kind of good is justice according to Socrates?
Socrates says that justice is the second kind of good while the many suppose justice is the third kind. What is the good and the bad according to nature in Glaucon’s speech? The good according to nature is doing injustice/harm while the bad by nature is suffering injustice.
Does Socrates agree with glaucon?
Socrates said that he believed justice falls into the second category; according to him justice is good intrinsically and instrumentally. Glaucon argued that, by nature, doing injustice is good but the law can force you to act against that. According to Glaucon, justice is naturally bad and injustice is naturally good.
What is the city of Pigs?
Glaucon labelled the inhabitants of Socrates’ simple city “pigs” because of their diet (which consisted of such things as boiled roots and acorns) and their uncultivated rusticity. But Glaucon’s luxurious city stands equally as a city of pigs for its voracious appetitiveness and desire for wealth.
What is the founding law of the luxurious city?
The first law is that gods are not the cause of all things, but only of good ones. The second law that writers must follow is that they should not tell about the gods being shape shifters or liers. What kinds of rules need enforcing in the luxurious city where the content of stories told to children are concerned?
What makes a city wise according to Socrates?
Socrates declares the just city complete. But since they are in charge, their wisdom becomes the city’s virtue. Courage lies with the auxiliaries. It is only their courage that counts as a virtue of the city because they are the ones who must fight for the city.
What did Plato say about law?
To Plato, the law can guard against tyranny. In the Republic, he called the law an “external authority” that functions as the “ally of the whole city.”
What are the two types of laws according to Plato?
Although many different answers have been presented, the most prevalent answer is that the texts were written for two different purposes. The Republic represents Plato’s ideal vision of a political utopia, while the Laws represents his vision of the best attainable city given the defects of human nature.
What is Aristotle’s law?
There is thus a close connection among Aristotle’s different characterizations of law as “order,” “reason,” and “agreement.” Laws are general rules that produce a kind of order in the actions and desires of the citizens, which are devised in a rational manner by a legislator, and which are effective only if the …