What is spectrophotometer and its uses?
A spectrophotometer is an analytical instrument used to quantitatively measure the transmission or reflection of visible light, UV light or infrared light. Applications for specs include measurement of substance concentration such as protein, DNA or RNA, growth of bacterial cells, and enzymatic reactions.
What is spectroscopy principle?
What Is Spectroscopy? The basic principle shared by all spectroscopic techniques is to shine a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto a sample, and observe how it responds to such a stimulus. The response is usually recorded as a function of radiation wavelength.
What is the basic principle of UV spectroscopy?
The Principle of UV-Visible Spectroscopy is based on the absorption of ultraviolet light or visible light by chemical compounds, which results in the production of distinct spectra. Spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter.
What are the advantages of spectroscopy?
Raman spectroscopy has a number of advantages over other analysis techniques.
- Can be used with solids, liquids or gases.
- No sample preparation needed.
- Non-destructive.
- No vacuum needed unlike some techniques, which saves on expensive vacuum equipment.
- Short time scale.
What are the applications of IR spectroscopy?
Infrared spectroscopy is widely used in industry as well as in research. It is a simple and reliable technique for measurement, quality control and dynamic measurement. It is also employed in forensic analysis in civil and criminal analysis.
What are the advantages of infrared spectroscopy?
Advantages of IR
- High Scan Speed: Infrared spectroscopy can get information for the whole range of frequency simultaneously, within one second.
- High Resolution: The resolution of general prism spectrometer is only about 3 cm-1, but the resolution of infrared spectrometer is much higher.
Which lamp is used in IR?
Heating. Infrared heating uses infrared lamps, commonly called heat lamps, to transmit infrared radiation to the body that is being heated. When a body with a large surface area needs to be heated, an array of infrared lamps is often used.
Why are salt plates used in IR?
Care and Handling of IR Plates. Sodium chloride is chosen because it is transparent to infrared radiation. These plates – called “salt plates” – are rather expensive because each plate is cut from a single giant crystal; they are very fragile and sensitive to moisture, including the moisture in your fingers.
What is the principle of KBr pellet method?
KBr Pellet Method. This method exploits the property that alkali halides become plastic when subjected to pressure and form a sheet that is transparent in the infrared region. Potassium bromide (KBr) is the commonest alkali halide used in the pellets.
Which test should be performed to different KBr and KCl?
Many people know that since the Fourteenth Edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the general test method changed from the potassium bromide (KBr) pellet method to a choice between the KBr pellet method or the potassium chloride (KCl) pellet method.
What is mull technique?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Mulling is the process of grounding up a sample into fine powder through mortar and pestle that is dispersed in a paraffin for IR spectroscopy.
How do you make a KBr pellet for IR?
Take about 1/8” of the solid sample on a microspatula and about 0.25-0.50 teaspoons of KBr. Mix thoroughly in a mortar while grinding with the pestle. If the sample is in large crystals, grind the sample separately before adding KBr. Place just enough spl. to cover bottom in pellet die.
How do you prepare a FT IR sample?
Add about 1 to 2 % of your sample, mix and grind to a fine powder. For very hard samples, add the sample first, grind, add KBr and then grind again. The sample must be very finely ground as in the Nujol mulling technique to reduce scattering losses and absorption band distortions.
What does IR mean in chemistry?
Infrared spectroscopy
How do you describe IR peaks?
In IR spectroscopy we measure where molecules absorb photons of IR radiation. The peaks represent areas of the spectrum where specific bond vibrations occur. Just like springs of varying weights vibrate at characteristic frequencies depending on mass and tension, so do bonds.
How does an IR work?
1 Answer. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy uses infrared radiation to excite the molecules of a compound and generates an infrared spectrum of the energy absorbed by a molecule as a function of the frequency or wavelength of light. For example, O-H bonds are stronger than C-H bonds, so O-H bonds vibrate at higher frequencies …
What is the difference between IR and UV spectroscopy?
IR and UV radiation are a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The visible light has a wavelength of 380 nm to 760 nm. The area alongside with a longer wavelength is the IR spectrum. The area next to the visible light, with a shorter wavelength, is the UV spectrum.
What is UV and IR range?
Ultraviolet. 100–400 nm. Light. 380–400 to 760–780 nm. Infrared.