What is static balancing?
Static balance refers to the ability of a stationary on object to its balance. This happens when the objects centre of gravity is on the axis of rotation. Whereas dynamic balance is the ability of an object to balance whilst in motion or when switching between positions.
What is Surface balancing?
When a control surface is moved to a horizontal attitude and it will stay there, the control surface is said to be totally statically balanced (100% balanced) around its hinge line.
Why do aircraft control surfaces need balancing?
Rebalancing of Aircraft Control Surfaces. Any control surface that is out of balance is unstable and does not remain in a streamlined position during normal flight. For example, an aileron that is trailing-edge heavy moves down when the wing deflects upward, and up when the wing deflects downward.
Why are control surfaces dynamically balanced?
Dynamic balance as related to control surfaces is an effort to maintain balance when the control surface is submitted to movement on the aircraft in flight. It involves the placing of weights in the correct location along the span of the surfaces.
How horn balance provide aerodynamic balance to the control surface?
This horn produces a balancing moment, thus reducing the amount of force required to move the controls or the control’s CG (center of gravity) forward of the hinge to reduce the likelihood of control flutter.
What is mass balance in aircraft?
In addition, because aircraft control surfaces are mounted on flexible structures like wings, they are prone to oscillate (“flutter”), a dangerous effect which can be cured by bringing the centre of gravity (c.g.) of the control surface to the hinge line. This is called mass balancing.
How do you calculate mass and balance?
Ascertain from the pilot’s operating handbook the empty weight of the aircraft and determine the weights of people, baggage, and fuel. Multiply each weight by the arm—the distance from the reference datum—to find the moment. Add all the weights to find the gross weight. Add all the moments to find the total moment.
What does mass balance mean?
material balance
What is aerodynamic balancing?
A means of reducing the hinge movement and thereby the physical effort needed to control an aircraft. The most common forms of aerodynamic balancing are inset hinges, horn balances, internal balances, and tab balances.
What is internal balance in aircraft?
Internal Balance: Aerodynamic balance area is inside the wing. Movement of the control causes pressure changes on the aerofoil, and these pressure changes are felt on the balance area.
How does a horn balance work?
Horn Balances. The horn balance is a section of the control surface at the tip that extends forward of the hinge line. It extends outboard of the tip of the fixed surface the control surface rides on, hence the term “overhanging or overhung balance.”
What causes aileron flutter?
A newly constructed aileron or elevator that is excessively heavy (due to the use of heavier substitute materials or uncalled for reinforcements) can be flutter-prone. Flutter is most difficult to suppress in very large or heavy control surfaces and the balance weight requirement becomes excessive.
What is a rudder horn?
A welded construction or a casting providing support for the rudder blade and minimises the bending moment in the rudderstock.
Can you fly without a rudder?
Without the rudder the aircraft can still be controlled using ailerons. The tail-plane helps provide stability and the elevator controls the ‘pitch’ of the aircraft (up and down). Without these the aircraft cannot be controlled.
Which control surface controls pitch?
elevators
What causes an airplane to pitch nose down?
What causes an airplane (except a T tail) to pitch nose down when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted? The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced. An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft CG limit.
What causes an airplane to roll?
A roll motion is an up and down movement of the wings of the aircraft as shown in the animation. The rolling motion is being caused by the deflection of the ailerons of this aircraft. Since the ailerons work in pairs, the lift on one increases as the lift on the opposite wing decreases.
What causes an airplane except at tail?
What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted? A) The CG shifts forward when thrust and drag are reduced. When thrust is reduced to less than weight, lift is also reduced and the wings can no longer support the weight.
What happens when the four forces of flight are unbalanced?
Assuming a straight and level flight, lift must be equal to weight and drag must be equal to thrust. This is what happens if this equilibrium is violated: If lift becomes greater than weight, then the plane will accelerate upward. If the weight is greater than the lift, then the plane will accelerate downward.
When a plane is flying at a constant speed which two forces must be balanced?
All Four Forces Act on an Airplane When an airplane is flying straight and level at a constant speed, the lift it produces balances its weight, and the thrust it produces balances its drag.
Is a satellite in orbit balanced or unbalanced?
A satellite in orbit is being pulled by an unbalance force, gravity. But it is not moving in the direction of gravity, which would be straight down.