What is substance dependence in psychology?
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration, and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use.
Can medicine tolerance be reversed?
Drug tolerance is indicative of drug use but is not necessarily associated with drug dependence or addiction. The process of tolerance development is reversible (e.g., through a drug holiday) and can involve both physiological factors and psychological factors.
What is the definition of physical addiction?
Listen to pronunciation. (FIH-zih-kul dee-PEN-dents) A condition in which a person takes a drug over time, and unpleasant physical symptoms occur if the drug is suddenly stopped or taken in smaller doses.
What is meant by drug?
A drug is any substance that causes a change in an organism’s physiology or psychology when consumed. A pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote well-being.
What is medicine in pharmacy?
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug (macromolecule exploiting some biological target) used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
What is the meaning of droughts?
A drought is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric (below-average precipitation), surface water or ground water. A drought can last for months or years, or may be declared after as few as 15 days. Semi-permanent drought produces arid biomes such as deserts and grasslands.
What is drug education program?
Drug education is the planned provision of information, resources, and skills relevant to living in a world where psychoactive substances are widely available and commonly used for a variety of both medical and non-medical purposes, some of which may lead to harms such as overdose, injury, infectious disease (such as …
What are some examples of drought?
United States
- 1935 Black Sunday (storm)
- 1983 United States drought.
- 1988–1989 North American drought.
- 2002 North American drought.
- 2010–2013 Southern United States and Mexico drought.
- 2011–2017 California drought.
- 2012–2013 North American drought.
- 2016 New York drought.
What do you mean by drought Class 5?
Drought is a continuous period of dry weather, when an area gets less than its normal amount of rain, over months or even years. Crops and other plants need water to grow, and animals need it to live. Droughts can become dangerous to people and other land animals; causing famine and even creating deserts.
How do humans contribute to drought?
Widespread cutting down of trees for fuel – This reduces the soil’s ability to hold water – drying out the ground, triggering desertification and leading to drought.
What is flood Short answer?
A flood is an overflow of water on normally dry ground. This is most commonly due to an overflowing river, a dam break, snowmelt, or heavy rainfall. Less commonly happening are tsunamis, storm surge.
What do you mean by famine short answer?
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including war, inflation, crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality.
What caused Chinese famine?
The Great Chinese Famine was caused by a combination of radical agricultural policies, social pressure, economic mismanagement, and natural disasters such as droughts and floods in farming regions.
What caused the famine in Malawi in 2001?
In 2001/2002 and 2005/2006, during seasons of severe food shortage, there were large cholera outbreaks throughout the country. UNICEF recognized that the outbreaks were prompted by poor hygiene and unsafe water sources compounded with the food crisis, which made people susceptible to disease.
When did the famine start in Malawi?
1949
What is called flood?
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. In the sense of “flowing water”, the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering and public health.
What are the causes of flood in Assam?
The major reason for the floods in Assam is the river Brahmaputra, a huge and one of the largest rivers in India and its tributaries. The Brahmaputra river divides the states of Assam into 2 parts and also carries a large number of sediments in it especially during the monsoons.
How are floods formed Wikipedia?
Floods are generally caused by excessive rainfall, excessive snowmelt, storm surge from hurricanes, and dam failure.
Why does Bangladesh have so many floods?
Bangladesh is a land of many rivers. It is very prone to flooding due to being situated on the Brahmaputra River Delta (also known as the Ganges Delta) and the many distributaries flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Flooding normally occurs during the monsoon season from June to September. …
What is modeling technique in psychology?
Modeling is: a method used in certain cognitive-behavioral techniques of psychotherapy whereby the client learns by imitation alone, without any specific verbal direction by the therapist, and.
What is exposure based therapy?
Exposure therapy is a technique in behavior therapy to treat anxiety disorders. Exposure therapy involves exposing the target patient to the anxiety source or its context without the intention to cause any danger. Doing so is thought to help them overcome their anxiety or distress.
What is reciprocal inhibition psychology?
Reciprocal inhibition can be defined as anxiety being inhibited by a feeling or response that is not compatible with the feeling of anxiety. Wolpe first started using eating as a response to inhibited anxiety in the laboratory cats.