What is the difference between indication and contraindication?
In medicine, a contraindication is a condition that serves as a reason to not take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient. Contraindication is the opposite of indication, which is a reason to use a certain treatment.
What are contraindications to graded exercise assessments?
Contraindications for treadmill testing include:
- Acute myocardial infarction within 2 to 3 days.
- Unstable angina not previously stabilized by medical therapy.
- Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias causing symptoms or hemodynamic compromise.
- Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis.
- Uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure.
At what interval should blood pressure be monitored during a graded exercise test?
Blood pressure, ECG, and symptoms should be monitored and recorded at 1–2 min intervals. The recovery period should be extended to resolve symptoms or abnormal hemodynamic and/or ECG responses.
Which is better 2D echo or stress test?
Hence it is mandatory that clinical examination or 2D echo should be done before stress test. Echo will not have any side effects as it does not involve any radiation. Stress test carries small risk of untoward events like heart attack during or immediately after test so presence of doctor is mandatory during the test.
When do you stop graded exercise test?
An exercise test should end when diagnostic criteria have been reached or when the patient’s symptoms and signs dictate. After the exercise has stopped, recording continues for up to 15 minutes. ST segment changes (or arrhythmias) may occur during the recovery period that were not apparent during exercise.
What is a positive exercise stress test?
Positive. A positive test result occurs where a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (IHD, angina) is definite. Inconclusive. An inconclusive test result is usually due to non-diagnostic ECG changes, or when the test is terminated early due to exhaustion, beforemaximum heart rate or workload is reached.
What is a positive exercise tolerance test?
The primary finding resulting in a “positive” exercise tolerance test is ST depression on the ECG monitor. A test is considered positive when one or more cardiac leads shows ST depression of 1 mm or greater.
What are normal results for a stress test?
Possible results of the test include: normal blood flow during exercise and rest. normal blood flow when resting but not during exercise, possibly indicating a blocked artery. low blood flow when exercising and resting, suggesting coronary artery disease.
What is the next step after an abnormal stress test?
Next step: Angiography After a stress test indicates an abnormality, heart specialists turn to a more invasive but also much more informative test, a heart catheterization with angiography. A long, thin tube called a catheter is threaded through blood vessels to the heart.
What are symptoms of heart blockage?
Symptoms
- slow or irregular heartbeats, or palpitations.
- shortness of breath.
- lightheadedness and fainting.
- pain or discomfort in the chest.
- difficulty in doing exercise, due to the lack of blood being pumped around the body.