What is the fourth pillar of democracy?
Freedom of press has always been a cherished right in all democratic countries and the press has rightly been described as the Fourth Pillar Of Democracy.
Are internal affairs police?
The internal affairs refers to a division of a law enforcement agency that investigates incidents and possible suspicions of law-breaking and professional misconduct attributed to officers on the force. It is thus a mechanism of limited self-governance, “a police force policing itself”.
What are the procedures for arresting a person?
Arrested person have right to be medically examined (Sec 54,55A) the person who is arrested should be given the right to have his body examined by the medical officer when is produced before a magistrate or at any time under custody, with a view to enabling him to establish that the offence with which he is charged was …
What is the procedure for holding test identification parade?
The witness then be asked to view the parade carefully and see whether he would be able to identify the person. The identifying witness will then go up and look closely at the parade. If he identifies any person he should be asked to go forward and touch that person, or to point him from a near distance.
What is the effect of not holding a prior test identification parade?
Failure to hold a test identification parade would not make inadmissible the evidence of identification in Court. The weight to be attached to such identification should be a matter for the Courts of fact.
Is identification parade a primary evidence?
Identification of the accused made in court, is substantive evidence, where as identification of the accused in test identification parade is though a primary evidence but not substantive and the same can be used only to corroborate the identification of accused by the witness in court[26].
What is Tip in evidence?
The purpose of identification parade is to test the veracity/trustworthiness of the evidence of the witness. TIP is conducted to test the veracity of the witnesses who claim to have seen the culprits committing the offence.
Can accused refuse tip?
Mere refusal to participate in a Test Identification Parade (TIP) is not sufficient to prove charges against an accused, a Delhi court has said. “Mere refusal to participate in TIP in itself is not sufficient to prove the charges against accused.
What is Section 9 Indian Evidence Act?
Identification of person has been dealt with under section 9 of the Evidence Act. When the identity of a person is in question, identification by parents, wife or other relatives is relevant. In any special case identification of a person can be made by bodily mark, sign or cut mark.