What is the lowest order of the Butterworth?

What is the order N of the low pass Butterworth filter in terms of KP and KS? Explanation: We know that, [\frac{Ω_P}{Ω_C}]^{2N} = 10^{-K_P/10}-1 and [\frac{Ω_P}{Ω_C}]^{2N} = 10^{-K_S/10}-1.

Which is better FIR or IIR?

The advantage of IIR filters over FIR filters is that IIR filters usually require fewer coefficients to execute similar filtering operations, that IIR filters work faster, and require less memory space. FIR filters are better suited for applications that require a linear phase response.

Should I use FIR or IIR filters?

FIR filters are more powerful than IIR filters, but also require more processing power and more work to set up the filters. They are also less easy to change “on the fly” as you can by tweaking (say) the frequency setting of a parametric (IIR) filter.

How do you know if its FIR or IIR?

The easiest way to determine whether a filter is IIR or FIR is to identify its pole locations. For FIR filters, there is a rule for this that is based on the structure of the impulse response: If the system is causal (i.e. it is zero for all n<0), then it is FIR if all of its poles are located at the origin (z=0).

Why fir is more stable than IIR?

The transfer function of the system having an FIR filter contains only zeros. The delay in providing a response in case of FIR filters is more than that of IIR filter. FIR filters are more stable as here the present output does not hold any relationship with the previous output.

Why FIR filters are always stable?

FIR filters contain as many poles as they have zeros. but all of the poles are located at the origin, z=0. because all of the poles are located inside the unit circle, the FIR filter is ostensibly stable.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filter?

5) FIR filter consume low power and IIR filter need more power due to more coefficients in the design. disadvantage of FIR over IIR: 1) IIR filters are having fast computation speed as compare to FIR. 2) FIR filter require more memory as compare to IIR 3) Delay is more in FIR than IIR filter.

What are the disadvantages of FIR filters?

The primary disadvantage of FIR filters is that they often require a much higher filter order than IIR filters to achieve a given level of performance. Correspondingly, the delay of these filters is often much greater than for an equal performance IIR filter.

Which of the following is an advantage of FIR filter?

Compared to IIR filters, FIR filters offer the following advantages: They can easily be designed to be “linear phase” (and usually are). Put simply, linear-phase filters delay the input signal but don’t distort its phase. On most DSP microprocessors, the FIR calculation can be done by looping a single instruction.

What are the properties of FIR filters?

FIR filters:

Require no feedback.
Are inherently stable, since the output is a sum of a finite number of finite multiples of the input values, so can be no greater than times the largest value appearing in the input.
Can easily be designed to be linear phase by making the coefficient sequence symmetric.

Where FIR filter is used?

The term FIR abbreviation is “Finite Impulse Response” and it is one of two main types of digital filters used in DSP applications. Filters are signal conditioners and function of each filter is, it allows an AC components and blocks DC components. The best example of the filter is a phone line, which acts as a filter.

What is the kind of relationship between ω and ω?

Explanation: The analog frequencies Ω=±∞ are mapped to digital frequencies ω=±π. The frequency mapping is not aliased; that is, the relationship between Ω and ω is one-to-one. As a consequence of this, there are no major restrictions on the use of bilinear transformation.

How can the effect of frequency warping be eliminated?

The Warping Effect is eliminated by prewarping of the analog filter. The analog frequencies are prewarped and then applied to the transformation. Infinite Impulse Response: Infinite Impulse Response filters are a Type of Digital Filters which has infinite impulse response.

What is the kind of relationship between ω and ω in impulse invariance method?

Explanation: It is clear that the impulse invariance method is in -appropriate for designing high pass filter due to the spectrum aliasing that results from the sampling process. 11. Which of the following is the correct relation between ω and Ω? ω=ΩT.

What is warping effect in DSP?

t For higher frequencies, however, the relation between ω and becomes nonlinear, and distortion is introduced in the frequency scale of the digital ﬁlter relative to that of the analog ﬁlter. This is known as the warping effect.Frame # 8 Slide # 11 A.

What is the warping effect?

warping effect. Effect compresses the magnitude and phase response. This effect is called warping effect. Pre-warp our desired digital frequency and substitute that into the transformed digital filter function.

What is the role of frequency warping?

Frequency warping transformation is a process where one spectral representation on a certain frequency scale (e.g., Hz, f-domain) and with a certain frequency resolution (most often uniform) is transformed to another representation on a new frequency scale (e.g., Bark or ERB-rate scale, v-domain).

What is pre warping effect?

The bilinear transform is a one-to-one mapping, that is that a unique point in one domain will be transformed into a unique point in the other domain. This mapping is highly nonlinear, however, resulting in a phenomena known as “frequency warping”.

What is warping effect in BLT?

BIlinear Transformation Technique (BLT) is a technique for designing Discrete Time IIR filters from Continuous Time filters. Due to Frequency Warping, phase response of analog filter is not preserved but magnitude response can be preserved by pre-warping analog frequencies.

What is meant by frequency pre-warping?

The continuous-time filter can be designed to compensate for this frequency warping by setting. for every frequency specification that the designer has control over (such as corner frequency or center frequency). This is called pre-warping the filter design.

What is wrapping in DSP?

The wrapping effect is one of the main reasons that the application of interval arithmetic to the enclosure of dynamical systems is difficult. A new method for reducing the wrapping effect is proposed, based on an interval ellipsoid arithmetic.

What are the factors that influence selection of DSP?

6 Choosing the Right DSP Processor

6.1 Arithmetic Format.
6.2 Data Width.
6.3 Speed.
6.4 Memory Organization.
6.5 Ease of Development.
6.6 Multiprocessor Support.
6.7 Power Consumption and Management.
6.8 Cost.

What is the disadvantage of impulse invariant method?

The disadvantage of the impulse invariance method is the unavoidable frequency-domain aliasing. The Bilinear Transformation (Cont.) Notice that there is no aliasing effect with the bilinear transformation.

What is bilinear transformation method?

The bilinear transformation is the method of squashing the infinite straight analog frequency axis so that it becomes finite. Bilinear transformation method (BZT) is a mapping from analog S plane to digital Z plane. This conversion maps analog poles to digital poles and analog zeros to digital zeros.