What is the process of polymerization?
Polymerization is the process to create polymers. These polymers are then processed to make various kinds of plastic products. During polymerization, smaller molecules, called monomers or building blocks, are chemically combined to create larger molecules or a macromolecule.
What type of reaction is polymerization?
Polymerization reactions are chain reactions, and the formation of Teflon from tetrafluoroethylene is one example. In this reaction, a peroxide (a compound in which two oxygen atoms are joined together by a single covalent bond) may be used as the initiator.
What is polymerization reaction in chemistry?
Polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. The monomer molecules may be all alike, or they may represent two, three, or more different compounds.
What happens in a polymerisation reaction?
Polymerisation is the reaction of monomer molecules to form long chain polymer molecules. A monomer is a small reactive molecule that can be joined with other monomers to form long chains. These long chain molecules can be made up from tens of thousands of monomers joined together.
What is polymerisation give example?
A polymer is a large single chain-like molecule in which the repeating units derived from small molecules called monomers are bound together. The process by which monomers are transformed into a polymer is called polymerisation. For example ethylene polymerizes to form polyethylene.
What molecule is broken down into glucose?
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down in ten steps to two molecules of pyruvate, which then enters the mitochondria where it is oxidised through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to carbon dioxide and water. Glycolysis can be split into two phases, both of which occur in the cytosol.
What is the formula of a hexose sugar?
C6H12O6
Why are lipids not considered polymers?
Lipids fit that description, but they aren’t polymers because they are made up of smaller units of different kinds (like glycerol and fatty acids) rather than monomers that repeat themselves.
Are proteins a polymer?
Proteins are polymers in which the 20 natural amino acids are linked by amide bonds.
What are the polymers of lipids called?
Groups of Monomers and Polymers Lipids – polymers called diglycerides, triglycerides; monomers are glycerol and fatty acids. Proteins – polymers are known as polypeptides; monomers are amino acids.
Why DNA is a polymer?
DNA is a polymer due to the fact it contains multiple repeating units (monomers). These monomers are known as nucleotides. Multiple nucleotides join together by phosphodiester bonds to form the polymer that is DNA.
What type of polymer is DNA?
polynucleotide
What are the four bases of DNA?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine are the four nucleotides found in DNA.
What is not a base in DNA?
So uracil is not used in DNA. The four bases of DNA are: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
Why does a only pair with T?
The only pairs that can create hydrogen bonds in that space are adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine. A and T form two hydrogen bonds while C and G form three. It’s these hydrogen bonds that join the two strands and stabilize the molecule, which allows it to form the ladder-like double helix.
What are the two pyrimidines?
Cytosine and thymine are the two major pyrimidine bases in DNA and base pair (see Watson–Crick Pairing) with guanine and adenine (see Purine Bases), respectively. In RNA, uracil replaces thymine and base pairs with adenine.
What are pyrimidines examples?
The pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine and thymine; in RNA, they are cytosine and uracil. Purines are larger than pyrimidines because they have a two-ring structure while pyrimidines only have a single ring.
What are the three pyrimidines?
In nucleic acids, three types of nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).
Where are pyrimidines found?
Pyrimidine is one of two classes of heterocyclic nitrogenous bases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA: in DNA the pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine, in RNA uracil replaces thymine.
How are pyrimidines formed?
Pyrimidine atoms come from two sources—carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate. The first reaction is catalyzed by CPS II in cytoplasm and the second reaction by aspartate transcarbamoylase. Aspartate combines with carbamoyl phosphate in the presence of aspartate transcarbamoylase.
What are the pyrimidines bases?
The most important biological substituted pyrimidines are cytosine, thymine, and uracil. Cytosine and thymine are the two major pyrimidine bases in DNA and base pair (see Watson–Crick Pairing) with guanine and adenine (see Purine Bases), respectively.
Is uracil present in DNA?
Uracil is a nucleotide, much like adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine, which are the building blocks of DNA, except uracil replaces thymine in RNA. So uracil is the nucleotide that is found almost exclusively in RNA.
What happens if uracil is in DNA?
Uracil in DNA results from deamination of cytosine, resulting in mutagenic U : G mispairs, and misincorporation of dUMP, which gives a less harmful U : A pair. At least four different human DNA glycosylases may remove uracil and thus generate an abasic site, which is itself cytotoxic and potentially mutagenic.
Why is uracil not present in DNA?
Explanation: DNA uses thymine instead of uracil because thymine has greater resistance to photochemical mutation, making the genetic message more stable. Outside of the nucleus, thymine is quickly destroyed. Uracil is resistant to oxidation and is used in the RNA that must exist outside of the nucleus.
Is adenine found in DNA?
Adenine (A) is one of four chemical bases in DNA, with the other three being cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Within the DNA molecule, adenine bases located on one strand form chemical bonds with thymine bases on the opposite strand.
What is the formula of adenine?
C5H5N5
What is adenine found in?
Adenine is found in DNA and it’s a nitrogenous base. It’s a nucleotide building block for DNA and it has two rings fused together. Adenine always pairs with thymine.
What is adenine made up of?
Adenine is a molecule made of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms. Its chemical formula is C5H5N5. When a base such as adenine attaches to ribose and phosphate, it forms a nucleotide. Adenine and guanine are the two bases that belong to the purine group, and cytosine and thymine are the pyrimidines.