What is the relationship between absorbance and concentration?
One factor that influences the absorbance of a sample is the concentration (c). The expectation would be that, as the concentration goes up, more radiation is absorbed and the absorbance goes up. Therefore, the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration.
How do you calculate absorbance from concentration?
The Beer Lambert law, which is also referred to as Beer’s Law, describes the relationship among absorbance (A), the molar solute concentration in M (c), and the length of the path the light takes to get to the sample in centimeters (l). Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration and length: A = εcl.
What is P waves S waves and L waves?
P waves travel fastest and are the first to arrive from the earthquake. The different S waves arrive after the P waves. The slowest (and latest to arrive on seismograms) are surface waves, such as the L wave. L waves are named for the Cambridge mathematician A.E.H. Love who first described them.
What is the 2 main types of seismic waves?
The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Body waves can travel through the earth’s inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Earthquakes radiate seismic energy as both body and surface waves.
Why do P waves have a shadow zone?
P waves do travel through liquids, so they can make it through the liquid part of the core. Because of the refraction that takes place at the CMB, waves that travel through the core are bent away from the surface, and this creates a P wave shadow zone on either side, from 103° to 150°.
What is the characteristics of body waves?
A body wave is a seismic wave that moves through the interior of the earth, as opposed to surface waves that travel near the earth’s surface. P and S waves are body waves. Each type of wave shakes the ground in different ways.
How do you calculate lag time between P and S waves?
By locating the place on the seismogram (Fig. 2) where the P wave begins (in this case at time ‘0’) then locating the time when the S wave arrives (in this case 64 seconds) you can determine the time lag between the arrival of the P wave and the arrival of the S wave (S – P = Lag, 64 – 0 = 64 sec).
Which kind of waves Cannot travel through liquid?
S-waves cannot travel through liquids. When they reach the surface they cause horizontal shaking. Liquids don’t have any shear strength and so a shear wave cannot propagate through a liquid.
What is not a characteristic of S waves?
An S wave is delayed than a P wave and can only move through solid rock, not through any fluid medium.
What are the characteristics of the secondary waves or S waves?
Secondary waves cause the rocks they pass through to change in shape. These waves are the second fastest traveling seismic waves (after primary waves) and can travel through solids but not through liquids or gases. Also called shear wave S wave See Note at earthquake.