What is the significance of Killip classification?

What is the significance of Killip classification?

Killip classification is an independent predictor of early mortality after myocardial infarction, and the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) and high Killip class predicts poor short-term prognosis.

What is the Forrester classification?

A third approach, primarily based on invasive hemodynamic assessment, has employed the cardiac index (CI) and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure for categorization of patients with a MI, and is known as the Forrester classification.

What is a stemi vs non stemi?

If there is a pattern known as ST-elevation on the EKG, this is called a STEMI, short for ST elevation myocardial infarction. If there is elevation of the blood markers suggesting heart damage, but no ST elevation seen on the EKG tracing, this is known as a NSTEMI.

What are the types of MI?

A heart attack is also known as a myocardial infarction. The three types of heart attacks are: ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)…Symptoms and signs of a STEMI

• nausea.
• shortness of breath.
• anxiety.
• lightheadedness.
• breaking out in a cold sweat.

What are the two types of MI?

MI is further subclassified by suspected pathophysiology. Type 1 MI is a primary coronary arterial event attributable to atherothrombotic plaque rupture or erosion. Type 2 MI occurs secondary to an acute imbalance in myocardial oxygen supply and demand without atherothrombosis.

What is the most common type of MI?

Type 2 MI is the most common type of MI encountered in clinical settings in which is there is demand-supply mismatch resulting in myocardial ischemia.

What is Wellens syndrome?

Wellens syndrome describes a pattern of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, particularly deeply inverted or biphasic T waves in leads V2-V3, that is highly specific for critical, proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. It is alternatively known as anterior, descending, T-wave syndrome.

What is a Type 3 mi?

Type 3. Type 3 MI continues the concept that there may be an occasional patient who has characteristic symptoms of myocardial ischemia but whose cTn values have not become elevated because the patient succumbs before values are measured or who is stricken by sudden death with evidence of MI by autopsy. Types 4 and 5.

What is a Type 4 myocardial infarction?

Type 4b (MI related to stent thrombosis): MI associated with stent thrombosis as detected by coronary angiography or autopsy in the setting of myocardial ischemia in combination with a rise and/or fall of cardiac biomarkers with at least one value above the 99 th percentile URL.

What is type 5 myocardial infarction?

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)–related MI is termed type 5 MI. Coronary procedure–related MI ≤48 hours after the index procedure is arbitrarily defined by an elevation of cTn values >5 times for type 4a MI and >10 times for type 5 MI of the 99th percentile URL in patients with normal baseline values.

How do you identify a myocardial infarction on an ECG?

In a myocardial infarction transmural ischemia develops. In the first hours and days after the onset of a myocardial infarction, several changes can be observed on the ECG. First, large peaked T waves (or hyperacute T waves), then ST elevation, then negative T waves and finally pathologic Q waves develop.

What is the main cause of a myocardial infarction?

The causes of myocardial infarction, or a heart attack, all involve some kind of blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries provide the heart with oxygenated blood, and if they become blocked, the heart will become oxygen starved, killing heart tissue and causing a heart attack.

What are the 3 risk factors?

The three categories of risk factors are detailed here:

• Increasing Age. The majority of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 or older.
• Male gender.
• Heredity (including race)
• Tobacco smoke.
• High blood cholesterol.
• High blood pressure.
• Physical inactivity.
• Obesity and being overweight.

What are the warning signs of a myocardial infarction?

It can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain. Discomfort in other areas of the upper body. Symptoms can include pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach. Shortness of breath.

What is the best treatment for myocardial infarction?

Treatment

• Aspirin. A daily aspirin or other blood thinner can reduce your risk of blood clots, which might help prevent blockage of your coronary arteries.
• Nitrates.
• Beta blockers.
• Calcium channel blockers.
• Cholesterol-lowering medications.
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
• Ranolazine (Ranexa).

Can a damaged heart muscle repair itself?

But the heart does have some ability to make new muscle and possibly repair itself. The rate of regeneration is so slow, though, that it can’t fix the kind of damage caused by a heart attack. That’s why the rapid healing that follows a heart attack creates scar tissue in place of working muscle tissue.

How long can you live with myocardial infarction?

About 68.4 per cent males and 89.8 per cent females still living have already lived 10 to 14 years or longer after their first infarction attack; 27.3 per cent males, 15 to 19 years; and 4.3 per cent, 20 years or longer; of the females, one is alive 15 years, one 23 years and one 25 years or longer.

What are 3 common complications of a myocardial infarction?

Complications associated with myocardial infarction

• Disturbance of rate, rhythm and conduction.
• Cardiac rupture.
• Heart failure.
• Pericarditis.
• Ventricular septal defect.
• Ventricular aneurysm.
• Ruptured papillary muscles.
• Dressler’s syndrome.

How many years does heart disease take off your life?

For heart attacks alone, more than 16 years of life are lost on average, according to American Heart Association statistics. Researchers estimate people with heart failure lose nearly 10 years of life compared to those without heart failure.