What is the source of the energy released in fission and fusion reactions?
Nuclear Fusion reactions power the Sun and other stars. In a fusion reaction, two light nuclei merge to form a single heavier nucleus. The process releases energy because the total mass of the resulting single nucleus is less than the mass of the two original nuclei. The leftover mass becomes energy.
What is critical mass chemistry?
A critical mass is the smallest amount of fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction. The critical mass of a fissionable material depends upon its nuclear properties (specifically, its nuclear fission cross-section), density, shape, enrichment, purity, temperature, and surroundings.
What is critical mass in sociology?
In sociology, a critical mass is a term for a group of people who make a drastic change, altering their behavior, opinions or actions.
What is critical mass in media?
Critical Mass Theory As in nuclear physics, where a critical mass of nuclear material allows a chain reaction to sustain itself indefinitely, the critical mass of users of any communications medium allows that medium to sustain itself.
What is the critical mass of a network?
Critical mass is defined as the minimal non-zero equilibrium size (market coverage) n0 of a network good or service (for any price).
What is critical theory in mass communication?
Critical Theory analyzes “social relations of communication (…) primarily in terms of the structural forms of disrespect they generate”, it focuses on “the damage and distortion of social relations of recognition” (Honneth 2007: 72).
What are the examples of critical theory?
Easily identifiable examples of critical approaches are Marxism, postmodernism, and feminism. These critical theories expose and challenge the communication of dominant social, economic, and political structures.
How does Marxism contribute to society?
Emphasis on the primacy of property and class. Sociologists and historians want to explain processes of social change. Marx puts it forward that the economic interests created by the property system in a given society create powerful foundations for collective social action.
What are the main points of Karl Marx’s theory of class conflict?
Marxists explain the history of “civilized” societies in terms of a war of classes between those who control production and those who produce the goods or services in society. In the Marxist view of capitalism, this is a conflict between capitalists (bourgeoisie) and wage-workers (the proletariat).
What is materialism by Karl Marx?
For Marx and Engels, materialism meant that the material world, perceptible to the senses, has objective reality independent of mind or spirit. They did not deny the reality of mental or spiritual processes but affirmed that ideas could arise, therefore, only as products and reflections of material conditions.
Why is Marxism materialist?
For Marx, materialism was about acknowledging the way the real world impacts on people’s lives, and acknowledging their ability to come together to change society. THE WORD “idealism” is usually used to describe a utopian view of change.
What did Karl Marx mean by class struggle?
Definition. Class struggle happens when the bourgeoisie (the rich) pay the proletariat (the workers) to make things for them to sell. The workers have no say in their pay or what things they make, since they cannot live without a job or money. Karl Marx saw that the workers had to work without any say in the business.
Is Marxism a positivist?
In conclusion, this essay has argued that Marx was not a positivist. Whilst on the surface Marx’s approach to the unity of science, empiricism, and causal laws appear to fulfil the positivist criterion, even a modest list of positivist tenets highlights the fundamental differences between positivism and Marx.
What is the opposite of positivism?
In social science, antipositivism (also interpretivism, negativism or antinaturalism) is a theoretical stance that proposes that the social realm cannot be studied with the scientific method of investigation utilized within the natural sciences, and that investigation of the social realm requires a different …
What is the positivist theory?
Positivism is a philosophical theory that states that genuine knowledge (knowledge of anything that is not true by definition) is exclusively derived from experience of natural phenomena and their properties and relations. Positivism therefore holds that all genuine knowledge is a posteriori knowledge.
What is the positivist approach?
As a philosophy, positivism adheres to the view that only “factual” knowledge gained through observation (the senses), including measurement, is trustworthy. In positivism studies the role of the researcher is limited to data collection and interpretation in an objective way.