What is translation and its steps?
Translation is a process by which the genetic code contained within a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. It occurs in the cytoplasm following transcription and, like transcription, has three stages: initiation, elongation and termination.
In what two places in the cell can translation occur?
1 Answer. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, whereas translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
Where in cell does translation occur?
ribosomes
Does translation occur in ER?
In eukaryotes, translation occurs in the cytosol or across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in a process called co-translational translocation. Many types of transcribed RNA, such as transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and small nuclear RNA, do not undergo translation into proteins.
What is the correct sequence of events during translation?
The correct sequence of events in translation is: A. initiation, termination, elongation.
What proteins are synthesized in the rough ER?
Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes Rough ER contains two integral membrane proteins, ribophorins I and II, that have molecular masses of 65 kDa and 63 kDa, respectively.
Are proteins synthesized in the smooth ER?
The rough ER, which is covered by ribosomes on its outer surface, functions in protein processing. The smooth ER is not associated with ribosomes and is involved in lipid, rather than protein, metabolism.
What is the function of sER and RER?
Difference between Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) |
|---|---|
| It participates in the synthesis of enzymes and proteins. | Synthesises glycogen, lipids and steroids. |
| It helps in the formation of lysosomes. | Gives rise to Spherosomes/ Oleosomes |
What is synthesized on the rough ER?
Rough ER is named for its rough appearance, which is due to the ribosomes attached to its outer (cytoplasmic) surface. The ribosomes on rough ER specialize in the synthesis of proteins that possess a signal sequence that directs them specifically to the ER for processing.
What are the four major functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?
The ER is the largest organelle in the cell and is a major site of protein synthesis and transport, protein folding, lipid and steroid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and calcium storage [1–7].
What are the two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The rough ER, studded with millions of membrane bound ribosomes, is involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins. Smooth ER is largely associated with lipid (fat) manufacture and metabolism and steroid production hormone production. It also has a detoxification function.
What is the structure and function of the smooth ER?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), meshwork of fine disklike tubular membrane vesicles, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that is involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids, including cholesterol and phospholipids, which are used in the production of new cellular …
What are the three functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Its main functions are the synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones, the detoxification of harmful metabolic byproducts and the storage and metabolism of calcium ions within the cell. The smooth ER is distinguished from the other parts of the endoplasmic reticulum by the absence of membrane-bound ribosomes.