What is vocal Fremitus?
Vocal fremitus is a vibration transmitted through the body. It refers to the assessment of the lungs by either the vibration intensity felt on the chest wall (tactile fremitus) and/or heard by a stethoscope on the chest wall with certain spoken words (vocal resonance).
Is vocal Fremitus normal?
A normal evaluation occurs when equal and moderate vibrations are noticed during speech. Fremitus is abnormal when it is increased or decreased. Because sound is transmitted more strongly through non–air-filled lung, increased fremitus suggests a loss or decrease in ventilation in the underlying lung.
What causes whispered Pectoriloquy?
Whispered pectoriloquy is a clinical test typically performed during a medical physical examination to evaluate for the presence of lung consolidation, causes of which include cancer (solid mass) and pneumonia (fluid mass).
What is a positive whispered Pectoriloquy?
Positive: the examiner can clearly identify the words the patient is saying. This indicates an area of lung consolidation. Negative: muffled/undistinguishable words noted indicating normal lung tissue.
Why do doctors tell you to say 99?
ADDITIONAL BREATH SOUNDS Consolidation refers to increased density of the lung tissue, due to it being filled with fluid and/or blood or mucus. Ask the patient to say the words: “ninety-nine” while you listen through the stethoscope. Normally the sound of “ninety-nine” will sound very faint and muffled.
What makes a Bronchophony positive?
Bronchophony is present if sounds can be heard clearly. Egophony: While listening to the chest with a stethoscope, ask the patient to say the vowel “e”. Over normal lung tissues, the same “e” (as in “beet”) will be heard. If the lung tissue is consolidated, the “e” sound will change to a nasal “a” (as in “say”).
What does Rhonchi sound like?
Rhonchi sounds have a continuous snoring, gurgling, or rattle-like quality. Rhonchi occur in the bronchi as air moves through tracheal-bronchial passages coated with mucus or respiratory secretions. This is often heard in pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, or cystic fibrosis.
What does stridor sound like?
It is typically low-pitched and most closely sounds like nasal congestion you might experience with a cold, or like the sound made with snoring. Stridor is a higher-pitched noisy that occurs with obstruction in or just below the voice box.
What are normal heart sounds?
The main normal heart sounds are the S1 and the S2 heart sound. The S3 can be normal, at times, but may be pathologic. A S4 heart sound is almost always pathologic. Heart sounds can be described by their intensity, pitch, location, quality and timing in the cardiac cycle.