What phenomenology means?
Phenomenology is the study of human experience and of the ways things present themselves to us in and through such experience (Sokolowski 2000 , 2). Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as. experienced from the first-person point of view. (
Why is Typification important?
In biological nomenclature, the Principle of Typification is one of the guiding principles. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature provides that any named taxon in the family group, genus group, or species group have a name-bearing type which allows the name of the taxon to be objectively applied.
What are typifying examples?
Typifying Example. a particular instance chosen to illustrate a troubling condition—often a dramatic, disturbing, or memorable case.
What is Typification in taxonomy?
3. Typification (Art. The type (holotype, lectotype, or neotype) of a name of a species or infraspecific taxon is a single specimen conserved in one herbarium or other collection or institution (Art. 8.1). In fossil plants, the type always is a specimen.
What is effective valid publication?
effective publications;nomenclature term) – a set of rules in biological nomenclature that regulates how names of taxa have to be published to be recognized by the scientific community; e. g., a taxon name is not effective if it was not published in a scientific journal.
What is holotype and Paratype?
Holotype: The single specimen designated as the type of a species by the original author at the time the species name and description was published. Paratype: A specimen not formally designated as a type but cited along with the type collection in the original description of a taxon.
What is holotype in taxonomy?
In taxonomy: Verification and validation by type specimens. The holotype is a single specimen designated by the original describer of the form (a species or subspecies only) and available to those who want to verify the status of other specimens.
What is Paratype in taxonomy?
In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype). In both cases however, this term is used in conjunction with holotype.
What will happen when the holotype is lost?
If the holotype is lost, you first need to find out if there are any isotypes. If so, you may designate one of the isotypes (preferably one mentioned or annotated by the author) as the lectotype. If there is no paratype either, then an illustration in the original publication may serve as lectotype.
Is a duplicate specimen of a holotype?
Isotype: any duplicate specimen of the holotype. Lectotype: a specimen or illustration designated as the type when no holotype was indicated at the time of publication. If possible, the lectotype should be selected from the syntypes or original material.
Why are Holotypes important?
Use/Significance in the Earth Science Community: It’s the holotype of the Least Shrew that helps to distinguish this small mammal from a rodent. Knowing if you have a new species or not is important too, because it’s often key to determining if that species is endangered and at risk of going extinct.
What is holotype in zoology?
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. Sometimes just a fragment of an organism is the holotype, particularly in the case of a fossil.