What PP means?
pages
Does PG stand for page or paragraph?
The APA style of referencing, which I have most frequently used, requires that p. is used for single page references or citations (Book Title, p. So p stands for page, pp stands for pages. I have not encountered pg to be used, but I do use it in informal note taking.
Does pp mean pages?
If one page number is being referred to, use the abbreviation p. for page. If there are multiple pages use pp. to represent pages. para.
Why is PP short for pages?
The APA style of referencing, which I have most frequently used, requires that p. is used for single page references or citations (Book Title, p. So p stands for page, pp stands for pages.
Why is PP used for pages?
If the periodical does not use volume numbers, include “pp.” before the page numbers, so the reader will understand that the numbers refer to pagination. Example: title, pp.
What does pp mean in books?
printed pages
What is PP in MLA?
P for Press (used for academic presses) p. for page, pp. for pages. par.
What is PP in IEEE format?
Follow the details exactly. Eg.: put periods after author and book title, cite page numbers as pp., abbreviate all months to the first three letters (eg. Jun.) Check the distinctions between print and electronic sources (especially for journals) carefully.
What does pp mean in school?
pupil premium plus
What does ibid pp mean?
– An abbreviation for the Latin ‘ibidem’ which means ‘in the same place’. When you see the word ‘ibid. ‘ in a reading list it is referring you to material in a source just mentioned. The abbreviation ibid. always refers to the immediately preceding reference or source.
How do you write Ibid in text?
Abbreviations: Use “ibid.” (no italics) to refer to the only work cited in the preceding note. It may or may not include a page number (Ibid., 43.). Ibid. is never used if the preceding note consists of more than one source.
How many times can you use Ibid?
We can use ibid more than once consecutively. Ibid can be used along with a pinpoint reference. Separate two footnoted authorities with a semicolon. Never italicise ibid.
Is Ibid still used in Chicago style?
From The Chicago Manual of Style, section 14.34: You may use the Latin abbreviation “Ibid.” when referring to a single work cited in the note immediately preceding. For example: 5.
How do you use op cit in Chicago style?
The abbreviation “Op. Cit.” is used with the author’s last name and page number to denote a reference to a work previously cited in your paper.
What does Ibid mean in Chicago style?
Shortened citations versus
How do I do footnotes?
When a footnote must be placed at the end of a clause,1 add the number after the comma. When a footnote must be placed at the end of a sentence, add the number after the period. Numbers denoting footnotes should always appear after punctuation, with the exception of one piece of punctuation3—the dash.
What is a footnote example?
Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of a page. They cite references or comment on a designated part of the text above it. For example, say you want to add an interesting comment to a sentence you have written, but the comment is not directly related to the argument of your paragraph.
What are the two types of footnotes?
There are two types of footnote in Chicago style: full notes and short notes.
When should a footnote be used?
For example, MLA footnotes can be used to direct the reader to further relevant sources or add information that could be useful but is not critical to your text. If you wish to include footnotes or endnotes because you want to provide supplementary information, you should consider: The number of notes.
How many footnotes is too many?
It really depends on the relevancy of the footnote you’re adding to the essay. A lot of people do add 7–8 footnotes, which might be good if they are extremely relevant. However, even so, 2–3 footnotes, which is the average, are more than enough per page.
What is difference between footnote and bibliography?
Footnotes or endnotes are how you give credit to a source in the text itself. Footnotes/endnotes are formatted differently than bibliography citations. If do not include a bibliography, the footnotes/endnotes in your paper must be full citations.
Can you put a quote in a footnote?
GOOD STUFF TO KNOW ABOUT FOOTNOTES. Direct quotations. Anytime you use somebody else’s words, you must put them in quotation marks and footnote your source. A long quote of several lines should be indented and single-spaced.
Where do you put footnotes in text?
Footnote or endnote numbers in the text should follow punctuation, and preferably be placed at the end of a sentence. When citing the source for a quotation, the number should be placed at the end of the quotation and not after the author’s name if that appears first in the text.
Are footnotes only for direct quotes?
Even if you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must still use a footnote just as you would with a direct quotation. All the information required in the footnote for a paraphrased sentence is the same as if you were using a direct quotation.
Do quotations go after period?
In the United States, the rule of thumb is that commas and periods always go inside the quotation marks, and colons and semicolons (dashes as well) go outside: “There was a storm last night,” Paul said.
Do periods go inside quotes MLA?
The MLA Handbook notes, “By convention, commas and periods that directly follow quotations go inside the closing quotation marks” (88). Thus, in the following sentence, the comma is placed after taught: “You’ve got to be carefully taught,” wrote Oscar Hammerstein II.
Does the period go outside the parentheses?
The period is a strong punctuation mark—think of it as controlling the action in the sentence, which occurs outside the parentheses. 2. When a whole sentence falls inside parentheses, the period goes inside. Correct: (Several other courses were offered, but they were not as popular.)