What products are transported by train?
Railroads also carry enormous amounts of corn, wheat, soybeans, and other grains; fertilizers, plastic resins, and a vast array of other chemicals; cement, sand, and crushed stone to build our highways; lumber and drywall to build our homes; autos and auto parts; animal feed, canned goods, corn syrup, flour, frozen …
What are the important parts of a railroad system?
A railway has two major components: the infrastructure (the permanent way, tracks, stations, freight facilities, viaducts, tunnels, etc.) and the rolling stock (the locomotives, passenger coaches, freight cars, etc.)
What is difference between station and yard?
Stations are classified based on their operational and functional characteristics. The facilities to be provided at a station depend upon the type of station it is. Similarly, yards are also classified as coach yards, goods yards, marshalling yards, or locomotive yards depending upon their purpose.
What is a train yard called?
A rail yard, railway yard, or railroad yard is a complex series of railroad tracks for storing, sorting, or loading and unloading railroad cars and locomotives.
What is the last cart on a train called?
Cabooses
What is a bad order?
Bad order in a train that has a mechanical defect and must be “set out” on line for repairs by mechanical road truck. When a train moves from one main track to another, it “crosses over.”
What is railway wear?
What is Wear of Rail. The separation or cutting of rail due to friction and abnormal heavy load is called wear.
What is creep in railway?
Creep of Rail is defined as a longitudional movement of rail with respect to sleeper. Rail have the tendency to gradually move in the direction of dominant traffic. The creep of rail is common to all railway tracks and its value varies from almost nothing in some cases to about 130 mm/ month in creep.
What type of steel is used in railway tracks?
Modern track typically uses hot-rolled steel with a profile of an asymmetrical rounded I-beam. Unlike some other uses of iron and steel, railway rails are subject to very high stresses and have to be made of very high-quality steel alloy.
What is railway tractive resistance?
Tractive resistance varies with the weight and speed of the train, wind speed and direction, track curvature and gradient; the influence of the gradient can of course be easily calculated. The total resistance on the level is usually expressed in the form A -f BV + CV2, where V is the train speed.
In which mode of transport tractive resistance is more?
Freight locomotives are designed to produce higher maximum tractive effort than passenger units of equivalent power, necessitated by the much higher weight that is typical of a freight train.
How is train resistance calculated?
Train resistance is calculated by multiplying the resistance per ton at each speed, by the total tonnage of the train.
How do you calculate tractive resistance?
Tractive effort and Resistance to motion The maximum speed can roughly be calculated by reading the point at which tractive effort = resistance to motion on the graph. We can then solve this cubic through various methods to get Speed=58.03m/s. That’s 208.9kph or 129.8mph!
What is tractive force formula?
The tractive force between a car wheel and the surface can be expressed as. F = μt W. = μt m ag (1) where. F = traction effort or force acting on the wheel from the surface (N, lbf)
What is running resistance of the vehicle?
What is running resistance of the vehicle? Explanation: Running resistance is the sum of rolling and aerodynamic resistance. Frunning = Frolling + F aerodynamic = (μk * mvehicle * g) + (0.5 * ρ * Cdrag * Afront * V2). It is the resistance that will affect when the vehicle is running.
What is a traction limit?
Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the coefficient of traction (similar to coefficient of friction).
What is traction direction?
Apply traction in the axis of the pelvis aiming to simulate normal delivery. Traction is applied perpendicular to the angle of the cup. Apply downward traction until the head starts to crown (when the widest diameter of the head has descended below the symphysis pubis).