What type of bonding occurs in polymers?
covalent bonds
How does the structure of a polymer affect its properties?
Polymers consist of very long molecules that contain chains of carbon. They too are held together by very strong covalent bonds. There are greater intermolecular forces between the long chains compared with smaller simple molecules. This means that polymers have a higher melting point than many other organic molecules.
What are the 4 types of bonds?
There are four types of bonds or interactions: ionic, covalent, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. Ionic and covalent bonds are strong interactions that require a larger energy input to break apart.
What affects the properties of polymers?
Polymers are viscoelastic materials, having the properties of solids and viscous liquids. Numerous factors affect various mechanical properties of polymers, in- cluding molecular weight, processing, extent and distribution of crystallinity, composition of polymer, and use temperature.
Where do properties of polymers depend on?
1.2 Polymerization and Polymer Properties Polymer properties depend on the chemicals that the polymer is made from and polymerization conditions that ultimately set molecular architecture: chemical linkage type, chain length, and the nature of the end groups.
What are 3 properties of polymers?
A1.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical properties of polymers include molecular weight, molar volume, density, degree of polymerization, crystallinity of material, and so on.
What are the two main types of polymers?
Types of polymers
- Natural polymers. Natural polymers are all those found in nature.
- Synthetic polymers. Synthetic or artificial polymers are manufactured in the laboratory and generally have petroleum-derived ingredients.
- Addition polymers.
- Condensing polymers.
- Rearrangement polymers.
- Biodegradable polymers.
What are the main properties of polymers?
Some of the useful properties of various engineering polymers are high strength or modulus to weight ratios (light weight but comparatively stiff and strong), toughness, resilience, resistance to corrosion, lack of conductivity (heat and electrical), color, transparency, processing, and low cost.
What are the properties and uses of polymers?
Uses of polymers
| Polymer | Properties | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Poly(chloroethene) ‘PVC’ | Tough, electrical insulator, can be made hard or flexible | Insulation for electrical wires, windows, gutters, pipes |
| Poly(tetrafluoroethene) ‘PFTE’ | Slippery, chemically unreactive | Non-stick coatings for pans, containers for laboratory substances |
What is the importance of polymers?
The formation of polymers, long-chain molecules made of repeating units of monomers (the essential building… Organic polymers play a crucial role in living things, providing basic structural materials and participating in vital life processes. For example, the solid parts of all plants are made up of polymers.
What are some examples of polymers?
Examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, Teflon, and epoxy. Natural polymers occur in nature and can be extracted. They are often water-based. Examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, DNA, cellulose and proteins.
What are the uses of polymers?
Uses of polymers
- new packaging materials.
- waterproof coatings for fabrics (eg for outdoor clothing)
- fillings for teeth.
- dressings for cuts.
- hydrogels (eg for soft contact lenses and disposable nappy liners)
- smart materials (eg shape memory polymers for shrink-wrap packaging)
What are polymers and its types?
Types of Polymers
| Addition Polymers | Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) |
|---|---|
| Poly(vinyl Chloride) and Poly(vinylidene Chloride) | Condensation Polymers |
What are the 4 natural polymers?
Natural polymers include:
- Proteins, such as hair, nails, tortoiseshell.
- Cellulose in paper and trees.
- Starches in plants such as potatoes and maize.
- DNA.
- Pitch (also known as bitumen or tar)
- Wool (a protein made by animals)
- Silk (a protein made by insects)
- Natural rubber and lacquer (proteins from trees)
What is an example of a biological polymer?
There are four basic kinds of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These polymers are composed of different monomers and serve different functions. Starch is an example of a polysaccharide (many saccharides linked together) and is a form of stored glucose in plants.
What is the revised classification of polymers?
The most common way of classifying polymers is to separate them into three groups – thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers. The thermoplastics can be divided into two types – those that are crystalline and those that are amorphous.
Which of the following is the best definition of a polymer?
A polymer is a very large, chain-like molecule made up of monomers, which are small molecules. It can be naturally occurring or synthetic.
Is cotton a polymer?
Cotton consists of a long chain of glucose molecules and thus occurs naturally in plants and thus it is composed of pure cellulose which is the naturally occurring polymer.
What type of polymer is cotton?
cellulose
What is the polymer unit of cotton?
cellobiose
Why is cotton a polymer?
A polymer is a chemical compound with molecules bonded together in long, repeating chains. Because of their structure, polymers have unique properties that can be tailored for different uses. Polymers are both man-made and naturally occurring.
How polymers are formed?
Polymers are formed by two main ways called addition and condensation polymerization. In addition, polymerization, an initiator (or catalyst) reacts with a starting monomer. The result of this initiation reaction is a monomer attached to the initiator with an unsatisfied bond.
Is DNA a polymer?
DNA consists of two long polymers (called strands) that run in opposite directions and form the regular geometry of the double helix. The monomers of DNA are called nucleotides. Nucleotides have three components: a base, a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate residue.
How do you describe a polymer?
Polymers are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules. The materials have unique properties, depending on the type of molecules being bonded and how they are bonded. Some polymers bend and stretch, like rubber and polyester. The term polymer is often used to describe plastics, which are synthetic polymers.
Is a protein a polymer?
Proteins are polymers in which the 20 natural amino acids are linked by amide bonds.
Which of the following is a thermosetting polymer?
Bakelite is a cross linked polymer which after heating can’t be recovered in its original structure. Hence it is a thermosetting polymer.
Is PVC a thermosetting polymer?
Examples of thermoplastic types are PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and PE (Polyethylene). Examples of thermoset types include rubber insulations such as silicone rubbers and EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate). PE and PVC may also be cross-linked making them thermosetting types.
Which is not a thermosetting polymer?
Bakelite, a phenol formaldehyde resin used in electrical insulators and plasticware. Duroplast, light but strong material, similar to bakelite used for making car parts.
Is nylon a thermosetting polymer?
Nylon is classified as a “thermoplastic” (as opposed to “thermoset”) material, which refers to the way the plastic responds to heat. By contrast, thermoset plastics can only be heated once (typically during the injection molding process).