What unwinds the DNA double helix?
Explanation: DNA helicase unwinds the double helix, separating the two strands so they may be replicated by DNA polymerase. Primase adds an RNA primer to help initiate DNA replication. DNA ligase is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during replication.
What is a double helix quizlet?
double helix. twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other. ribosomal RNA. type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes.
Why is DNA replication bidirectional and discontinuous?
DNA replication is bidirectional and discontinuous; explain your understanding of those concepts. The leading strand is synthesized in the direction of the replication fork. Replication on the lagging strand occurs in the direction away from the replication fork in short stretches of DNA called Okazaki fragments.
Is human DNA replication bidirectional?
DNA replication occurs in both directions. An RNA primer complementary to the parental strand is synthesized by RNA primase and is elongated by DNA polymerase III through the addition of nucleotides to the 3′-OH end.
How does DNA get damaged?
DNA can be damaged via environmental factors as well. Environmental agents such as UV light, ionizing radiation, and genotoxic chemicals. Replication forks can be stalled due to damaged DNA and double strand breaks are also a form of DNA damage.
What mistakes can occur when DNA is replicated?
DNA replication is a highly accurate process, but mistakes can occasionally occur, such as a DNA polymerase inserting a wrong base. Uncorrected mistakes may sometimes lead to serious consequences, such as cancer. Repair mechanisms correct the mistakes.
What is human DNA similar to?
Chimpanzees are the closest living relatives of humans and share nearly 99 percent of our DNA. Efforts to identify those regions of the human genome that have changed the most since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor have helped pinpoint the DNA sequences that make us human.
Is pig DNA similar to human DNA?
“Everything matches up perfectly. The pig is genetically very close to humans.” Schook explained that when we look at a pig or a human, we can see the difference instantly. “But, in the biological sense, animals aren’t that much different from one another — at least not as different as they appear,” he said.
How close is human DNA to bananas?
About 60 percent of our genes have a recognizable counterpart in the banana genome! “Of those 60 percent, the proteins encoded by them are roughly 40 percent identical when we compare the amino acid sequence of the human protein to its equivalent in the banana,” Brody adds.
Which ape is closest to humans?
chimpanzee
Can a human fight a chimp?
Not a chance in hell a human could beat a chimp. Humans rely too much on thinking, whereas animals are pure instinct in that situation. The split second a human takes to think between a block, punch or kick the chimp is already on him pulling his arms and face off.
Is a gorilla an ape?
The gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and orangutan are called great apes in recognition of their comparatively large size and humanlike features; the gibbons are called lesser apes. The great apes are much more intelligent than monkeys and gibbons.
How much DNA do we share with rats?
Chimpanzees are our closest relative as a species and we share at least 98% of our genome with them. Our feline friends share 90% of homologous genes with us, with dogs it is 82%, 80% with cows, 69% with rats and 67% with mice [1]. Human and chimpanzee DNA is so similar because the two species are so closely related.