When statements are backed by good reasons they are?
103 Cards in this Set
| The word critical in “critical thinking” refers to | Using careful judgement or judicious evaluation |
|---|---|
| Statements backed by good reasons are… | Worthy of stong acceptance |
| Words that frequently accompany arguments and signal that a premise or conclusion is present are known as | Indicator Words |
What is the biggest obstacle to critical thinking?
At a personal level, barriers to critical thinking can arise through: an over-reliance on feelings or emotions. self-centred or societal/cultural-centred thinking (conformism, dogma and peer-pressure) unconscious bias, or selective perception.
What are the two main categories of common obstacles to critical thinking?
The most common of these hindrances to critical thinking fall into two main categories: (1) Those obstacles that crop up because of how we think and (2) those that occur because of what we think.
What are examples of thinking skills?
The key critical thinking skills are: analysis, interpretation, inference, explanation, self-regulation, open-mindedness, and problem-solving.
What is the rational standard function?
What does it mean to say that critical thinking is done according to rational standards? Rational standards in beliefs are judged by how well they are supporting by reasons. How does a lack of critical thinking cause a loss of personal freedom?
What factors must be present for critical thinking to be realized?
According to the text’s definition of critical thinking, what factors must be present for critical thinking to be realized? For critical thinking to be realised,it must be systematic,it must be true evaluation or formulation,it must be based on the rational standards.
What is self interested thinking?
Self-interest is defined as being focused on yourself or putting yourself at an advantage. An example of self-interest is thinking about your needs above the needs of others around you. noun.
What are the ultimate objectives of thinking critically?
The ultimate goal of critically thinking is to solve problems or make decisions. This is achieved by mentally processing information in a clear, logical, reasoned, and reflective manner so you can understand things better.
Is it OK to accept a claim that furthers your own interests?
It is always wrong to accept a claim that furthers our own interests. The remedy for the problem of selective attention is to make a conscious effort to look for opposing evidence. Critical thinking is self-interested thinking.
What do all good arguments have?
A good argument must: have true premises, be valid or strong, and have premises that are more plausible than its conclusion. 9. If a valid argument has a false conclusion, then one of its premises must be false.
When we regard a nonexpert as an expert we?
When we regard a nonexpert as an expert, we The error of thinking that previous events can affect the probabilities in the random event at hand. A statement about the causes of things.
Why are we often justified in believing a claim?
Someone who is more knowledgeable in a particular subject area or field than most others are. If an unsupported claim doesn’t conflict what we already know, we are often justified in believing it because it comes from an expert! conversely, when experts disagree about a claim, we have good reason to doubt it.
When experts disagree about a claim we have good reason to?
We must couple this principle with another one: When the experts disagree about a claim, we have good reason to doubt it. When we rely on bogus expert opinion, we commit the fallacy known as the appeal to authority.
When our perceptual powers are impaired or impeded we?
1.) if our perceptual powers are impaired or impeded(stress, injury, distraction, emotional upset, etc), we have reasons to doubt them. Also, our perception/memory are constructive, which means that what we perceive and remember is to some degree fabricated by our minds so might not be accurate.
What is the connection between availability error and hasty generalization?
18) Availability error is when we rely on evidence because it’s memorable or striking. 19) The connection between availability error and hasty generalizations is that when we base judgments off of evidence that’s only psychologically available, we might commit a hasty generalization.
What is the most reasonable attitude toward a claim?
What is the most reasonable attitude toward a claim that is neither worthy of acceptance nor deserving outright rejection? We should proportion our belief to the evidence.
What is confirmation bias in critical thinking?
Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias where people have a tendency to search out, interpret, or even recall information in a way that reinforces preexisting beliefs. They are always perceived through this filter that favors our currently held beliefs….