Where does transcription and translation occur?
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation take place in different cellular compartments: transcription takes place in the membrane-bounded nucleus, whereas translation takes place outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotes, the two processes are closely coupled (Figure 28.15).
What is the process of transcription and translation together?
Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus.
What is transcription and translation called?
The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.
Which of the following is not required for protein synthesis?
Answer: R-RNA is not required for protein synthesis
What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
ribosomes
What is meant by protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. After a polypeptide chain is synthesized, it may undergo additional processing to form the finished protein.7 天前
What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases – transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a template molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA).
How is mitochondria involved in protein synthesis?
Mitochondria use proteins to break down sugars and produce cellular energy in the form of ATP. No matter where mitochondrial proteins are made, they are synthesized on ribosomes that translate messenger RNA into the amino acids that form the protein chain.
Does protein synthesis take place in mitochondria?
This means that the protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm, on top of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, in the mitochondria and on the mitochondrial membrane
What proteins are found in the mitochondria?
1 Mitochondrial Protein Translocase Family (TC No. These proteins include several chaperone proteins, 4 proteins of the outer membrane translocase (Tom) import receptor, 5 proteins of the Tom channel complex, 5 proteins of the inner membrane translocase (Tim), and 3 “motor” proteins.
Does mitochondria help in protein synthesis?
No, although the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the proteins in the mitochondrion, more than 90% of the proteins in the mitochondrion are encoded by genes in the cell’s nucleus. These nuclear genes are transcribed and translated by the cellular machinery to make proteins in the cytoplasm.
Is the Golgi apparatus involved in protein synthesis?
The Golgi apparatus is a major collection and dispatch station of protein products received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Proteins synthesized in the ER are packaged into vesicles, which then fuse with the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is also involved in lipid transport and lysosome formation.
Does the Golgi apparatus make proteins?
How have scientists studied dynamic protein movements through the Golgi? The Golgi apparatus is the central organelle mediating protein and lipid transport within the eukaryotic cell.
What is the site of protein synthesis in plant cells?
A typical plant cell synthesizes proteins in three distinct compartments: the cytosol, the plastids, and the mitochondria. Translation of mRNAs transcribed in the nucleus occurs in the cytosol. In contrast, both transcription and translation of plastid and mitochondrial mRNA take place within those organelles [2].
How is DNA replication different from protein synthesis?
The main difference between protein synthesis and DNA replication is that the protein synthesis is the production of a functional protein molecule based on the information in the genes whereas DNA replication is the production of an exact replica of an existing DNA molecule.
What is the end result of translation in protein synthesis?
When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, it releases the mRNA strand and amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence is the final result of translation, and is known as a polypeptide. Polypeptides can then undergo folding to become functional proteins.