Which method is used for underpinning?

Which method is used for underpinning?

Mass concrete underpinning method is the traditional method of underpinning, as it has been followed by centuries. The method involves extending the old foundation till it reaches a stable stratum. The soil below the existing foundation is excavated in a controlled manner through stages or pins.

What are the components of superstructure?

The basic components of a building’s superstructure are columns, beams, slab and wall. These components safely transfer the dead loads, live loads and other loads to the substructure (foundation and plinth) which further distributes it to the underlying earth.

What is plinth area?

Plinth area is also called as built-up area and is the entire area occupied by the building including internal and external walls. While carpet area is the covered area of the usable spaces of rooms at any floor.

What is the formula to calculate plinth?

Plinth area is the area that is calculated by adding the carpet area of the building and the thickness of the walls of the building. Super built-up area is the area that is calculated by adding the plinth area and the external spaces and projections such as the lobby, elevators etc.

How do you calculate plinth area?

a) Plinth area method: The area is obtained by multiplying length and breadth (outer dimensions of building).

Is Sitout included in plinth area?

Porch. Open projections of veranda, balconies and parapets, if the area is protected by projections, full area is included in plinth area, if the area is un-protected by projections, 50% of the area is included.

Is staircase included in FSI?

Is the staircase included in the far? It is the ratio of the total floor area in the building linked with the total plot area. The built area would cover the basic structure, walls, staircase or lobby space.

Does built up area include balcony?

In easy words, built-up area is the carpet area plus the area covered by walls. The built-up area includes balconies, terraces (with or without roof), mezzanine floors and other detachable habitable areas such as servant room, etc.

Which is the most reliable estimate?

Detailed Estimation

What are the two types of estimation in statistics?

There are two types of estimates: point and interval. A point estimate is a value of a sample statistic that is used as a single estimate of a population parameter.

How do you prepare an estimate?

The process is as follows:

1. Calculate Quantities. Each project task is estimated by calculating the quantities of resources, materials, tools, and incidentals necessary to perform the task.
2. Estimate each task. Analogous or parametric techniques are used to estimate the task.
3. Produce Project Estimate.

What should an estimate include?

Every estimate should at the very least include the following elements:

• Job description. Explain the work you’ll be doing.
• Materials and labor. Provide a high-level view of the necessary materials and labor and the costs for each.
• Total cost.
• This is a big one.
• Sales and company contact info.

What should a contractor’s estimate include?

An estimate should be the contractor’s best professional assessment, including the cost of hiring any subcontractors, the price of materials, and any other labor involved.

What should you not say to a contractor?

Seven Things to Never Say to a Contractor

• Never Tell a Contractor They are the Only One Bidding on the Job.
• Don’t Tell a Contractor Your Budget.
• Never Ask a Contractor for a Discount if You Pay Upfront.
• Don’t Tell a Contractor That You Aren’t in A Hurry.
• Do Not Let a Contractor Choose the Materials.

Can you negotiate price with contractors?

A: Yes, you can negotiate with a contractor; the trick is doing it without making it feel like a negotiation. Anytime you’re haggling over someone’s work (versus a mass-produced product like a car or flat-screen television), look for a way to ask for a lower price without any suggestion of insult.

Do contractors charge for quotes?

How much do contractors charge for estimate? Contractors will either offer a free estimate or charge $50 to $1,000, depending on the project. For example, if you need an inspection or design consultation service, expect to pay for those.