Which of the following biological processes is also effective in weathering the landscape?
Which of the following biological processes is effective in weathering the landscape? The burrowing of animals, ion exchange by lichens, and wedging by roots.
Which of the following is most effective in weathering rock?
water
What is the process that breaks rock material into smaller pieces by atmospheric and biotic agents?
What is the process that breaks rock material into smaller pieces by atmospheric and biotic agents? -Water expands when frozen and physically forces the rock apart. What is salt weathering? -The formation of minerals in rock cracks during the evaporation of salty water, forcing rock apart.
What is the slowest and least perceptible form of mass wasting?
creep
How does water affect mass wasting processes?
How does water affect mass wasting processes? Water in pores and cracks displaces air, so water adds to the mass of soil and broken rock on a slope. If pores and cracks are saturated (filled with water), the pore pressure tends to push the material particles apart, further promoting failure and downslope movements.
What is the difference between a debris and a mud flow?
In truth, they differ in that landslides are made up of a coherent block of material that slides over surfaces. Debris flows, by contrast, are made up of “loose” particles that move independently within the flow. Similarly, mud flows are composed of mud and water, whereas debris flows are made up larger particles.
Why are debris flows dangerous?
Debris flows are fast-moving landslides that are particularly dangerous to life and property because they move quickly, destroy objects in their paths, and often strike without warning. Debris flows can travel at speeds up to and exceeding 35 mph and can carry large items such as boulders, trees, and cars.
Why are post fire debris flows so dangerous?
Post-fire debris flows are particularly hazardous because they can occur with little warning, can exert great impulsive loads on objects in their paths, and can strip vegetation, block drainage ways, damage structures, and endanger human life.
What types of deposits are left behind by debris flows?
The deposits that are left behind are poorly sorted and supported by the fine clay and silt matrix that made up the fluid which carried other particles to their current resting locations.
What are the warning signs of landslides?
Landslide Warning Signs
- Springs, seeps, or saturated ground in areas that have not typically been wet before.
- New cracks or unusual bulges in the ground, street pavements or sidewalks.
- Soil moving away from foundations.
- Ancillary structures such as decks and patios tilting and/or moving relative to the main house.
What is called debris?
Debris (UK: /ˈdɛbriː, ˈdeɪbriː/, US: /dəˈbriː/) is rubble, wreckage, ruins, litter and discarded garbage/refuse/trash, scattered remains of something destroyed, discarded, or as in geology, large rock fragments left by a melting glacier etc. Depending on context, debris can refer to a number of different things.
How do you recognize an ancient debris flow?
It’s lumpy, lobe-shaped, and rocky. It’s muddy, lobe-shaped, and smooth. It has scarps near the top and a rounded, lumpy lower end.
How can debris flow be prevented?
You can’t stop or change the path of a debris flow. However, you may be able to protect your property from floodwaters or mud by use of sandbags, retaining walls or k-rails (Jersey barriers). In mud and debris flow areas, consider building channels or deflection walls to try to direct the flow around buildings.
How do Debris flows tend to move?
Debris flows tend to move in a series of pulses, or discrete surges, wherein each pulse or surge has a distinctive head, body and tail.
How does climate affect debris flow?
Climate also affects geomorphic processes that supply sediment to slopes susceptible to debris flow activity, such as solifluction, freeze-thaw activity, and glaciation. Warm and dry weather can also predispose slopes to debris flows.
Why are landslides more common in wetter climates?
However, landslide is more likely to occur later in a wet when the cumulative seasonal precipitation has saturated the ground. Soil slopes and rock are weakened through saturation by heavy rains or snowmelt. The additional weight of storm rains or snow melt can cause slopes to fail or reactivate older landslides.
Which of the following is the most important driving force in landslide?
gravity
How do landslides change the earth?
When the surface of the Earth moves and shifts, landslides can occur where a large area of rocks, soil and plants slide down a steep slope. The land can be pushed up or drop along this area. Landslides change the slope of a steep hill and the land at the foot of a hill as the land slides down and off the slope.
What are the human activities that causes landslides?
Construction works, legal and illegal mining, as well as the unregulated cutting of hills (carving out land on a slope) caused most of the human-induced landslides.
How do landslides impact humans?
HUMANS: The effect landslides have on humans are property damage, injury and even death. Water supplies, fisheries, sewage disposals systems, forest, dams and road ways can be damaged and affected for years.
What is landslide and its effects?
Abstract. Landslides can cause seismic disturbances; landslides can also result from seismic disturbances, and earthquake-induced slides have caused loss of life in many countries. Slides can cause disastrous flooding, particularly when landslide dams across streams are breached, and flooding may trigger slides.
What damage can landslides cause?
The negative economic effects of landslides include the cost to repair structures, loss of property value, disruption of transportation routes, medical costs in the event of injury, and indirect costs, such as lost timber and fish stocks. Water availability, quantity, and quality can be affected by landslides.
How does a landslide happen?
Landslides occur when masses of rock, earth, or debris move down a slope. Debris flows, also known as mudslides, are a common type of fast-moving landslide that tends to flow in channels. Landslides are caused by disturbances in the natural stability of a slope.
What are the four types of landslides?
Landslides are part of a more general erosion or surficial pro- cess known as mass wasting, which is simply the downslope movement of earth or surface materials due to gravity. They are classified into four main types: fall and toppling, slides (rotational and translational), flows and creep.
What is the most dangerous type of landslide?
Volcanic landslides, also called lahars, are among the most devastating type of landslides.
What is the most common type of landslide?
Rock falls, disrupted rock slides, and disrupted slides of earth and debris are the most abundant types of earthquake-induced landslides, whereas earth flows, debris flows, and avalanches of rock, earth, or debris typically transport material the farthest.
What does a landslide look like?
A landslide is a mass of soil sliding down a hillside. Large trees help retain soil and lean over. Smaller trees grow with a bend in the trunk. In Figure 1 the soil appears to be flowing down hill like a thick oatmeal mix.
How do you determine a landslide risk?
Landslide Hazard Mapping Three physical factors-past history, slope steepness, and bedrock-are the minimum components necessary to assess landslide hazards. It is also desirable to add a hydrologic factor to reflect the important role which ground water often plays in the occurrence of landslides.
What are the natural factors that trigger a landslide?
Landslides can be initiated in slopes already on the verge of movement by rainfall, snowmelt, changes in water level, stream erosion, changes in ground water, earthquakes, volcanic activity, disturbance by human activities, or any combination of these factors.
How far can a landslide travel?
Some large avalanches have been known to transport material blocks as large as 3 kilometers in size, several kilometers from their source. Rapid to extremely rapid; such debris avalanches can travel close to 100 meters/sec.