Which wave causes most damage in earthquake?
Surface waves
What are the fastest body waves?
The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to ‘arrive’ at a seismic station. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth.
How do scientists use S waves?
Distinguishing earthquakes from nuclear shakes. Because P waves and S waves travel through Earth — not just along its surface — they are also known as “body waves.” This trait makes them useful in a number of ways. For one, scientists can use P waves and S waves to identify where an earthquake began.
How do scientists use P and S waves?
P waves and S waves have allowed scientists to determine indirectly the internal structure of the Earth. Because these waves travel at different speeds through different material, they are also used to help determine the exact location of an earthquake (epicenter).
How do seismic waves reveal the structure of Earth?
The structure of the Earth Seismic waves from large earthquakes pass throughout the Earth. These waves contain vital information about the internal structure of the Earth. As seismic waves pass through the Earth, they are refracted, or bent, like rays of light bend when they pass through a glass prism.
What is the deepest hottest layer?
The inner core is the deepest layer on Earth. It is also made up of iron and nickel but the pressure is so high that it is no longer liquid. The temperatures in the inner core are as hot as the surface of the sun, about 5505 °C.
How did Earth acquire its layered structure?
How did earth acquire its layered structure? The heavy elements sank to the bottom and made the outer and inner cores. Lighter elements didn’t sink as far and formed the mantle and crust. Continental crust is much thicker than oceanic crust.
What do P waves and S waves stand for?
Compressional waves are also called P-Waves, (P stands for “primary”) because they are always the first to arrive. Shear waves propagate more slowly through the Earth than compressional waves and arrive second, hence their name S- or secondary waves. They were responsible for the second rumble.
How do you calculate the time difference between P waves and S waves?
7) If you are asked to determine the arrival time of the P-wave and given a clock time for the arrival of the S-wave: Find difference in arrival time between P-wave and S-wave at the given epicenter distance, Subtract the difference in arrival time from the clock time of the S-wave.
How do you calculate P waves?
To measure the P-P interval, place the edge of a piece of paper along the line of the rhythm and mark the centre of 2 consecutive P waves. Compare this measurement with the next 2 P waves. If the measurements are the same then the rhythm is regular.
How long would it take for an S wave to travel the same distance?
The graph shows that the S-waves need about 12 minutes: 40 seconds to travel the same distance. Therefore, if the time separation between the arrival time of the P- and S-waves is 5 minutes:40 seconds, the epicenter must be 4000 km away.
What method do seismologists use in locating an epicenter?
Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions.
How long would it take this wave to travel 5 000 km?
How long does it take an S-Wave to travel 5,000km? Go to the chart! Go to the chart! The recording station tells us it took 6 minutes and 20 seconds for the P-Wave to reach them.
How long does it take a S wave to travel 7000 km?
Instructor’s Copy
| Wave Type | Distance traveled from epicenter (km) | Travel time |
|---|---|---|
| P | 2000 | 00 |
| P | 9600 | 40 |
| P | 700 | 30 |
| P | 7000 | 20 |
How long would it take for the first S wave to arrive at a seismic station?
11 minutes
How long does it take AP wave to go 2000 km?
In a solid such as rock, the primary wave can travel at 5 km/sec; it would take 400 seconds, or about 6.7 minutes to travel 2,000 km. If traveling through water, the wave travels at about 1.45 km/sec and would need 1,379 seconds (23 minutes) to travel 2,000 km.
Which object can an S wave travel through air Magma soil water?
The answer is soil.
How long will it take for the S wave to arrive at a seismic station 4000 km away?
How long would it take for the first S-wave to arrive at a seismic station 4,000 kilometers away from the epicenter of an earthquake? 12 min. 40 sec.
What is the most probable reason for the absence of S waves at station A?
What is the most probable reason for the absence of S-waves at station A? (1) S-waves cannot travel through liquids. (3) Station A was located on solid bedrock. (2) S-waves were not generated at the epicenter. (4) Station A was located too close to the epicenter.