Who created oligarchy?
Aristotle pioneered the use of the term as meaning rule by the rich, for which another term commonly used today is plutocracy. In the early 20th century Robert Michels developed the theory that democracies, like all large organizations, have a tendency to turn into oligarchies.
What do you mean by political equality?
Political equality is the quality of a society whose members are of equal standing in terms of political power or influence. Equal citizenship constitutes the core of political egalitarianism. This is expressed in such principles as one-person/one-vote, equality before the law, and equal rights of free speech.
What is equality in society?
Social equality is a state of affairs in which all individuals within a specific society have equal rights, liberties, and status, possibly including civil rights, freedom of expression, autonomy, and equal access to certain public goods and social services. Social equality is related to equal opportunity.
What are equal political rights?
Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, the …
What is the difference between a republic and a representative democracy?
Republic: “A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives…” Democracy: “A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.”
What is the difference between representative democracy and direct democracy?
In a representative democracy people vote for representatives who then enact policy initiatives. In direct democracy, people decide on policies without any intermediary. Two leading forms of direct democracy are participatory democracy and deliberative democracy.
Which country did democracy begin?
ancient Greece