Why are aminoacyl tRNA synthetase important?
An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS or ARS), also called tRNA-ligase, is an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto its corresponding tRNA. Aminoacyl tRNA therefore plays an important role in RNA translation, the expression of genes to create proteins.
How many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are there?
20 different types
Where does charging of tRNA occur?
Before an amino acid can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide, it must first be attached to a molecule called transfer RNA, or tRNA, in a process known as tRNA charging. The charged tRNA will then carry the activated amino acid to the ribosome.
What is the main function of ribosome?
Ribosomes have two main functions — decoding the message and the formation of peptide bonds. These two activities reside in two large ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) of unequal size, the ribosomal subunits. Each subunit is made of one or more ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and many ribosomal proteins (r-proteins).
What is the anticodon for tryptophan?
| Amino Acid | Coding DNA Strand Base Triplets Not Transcribed | Transfer RNA Anticodons Complementary To M-RNA Codons |
|---|---|---|
| stop | TAA, TAG, TGA | AUU, AUC, ACU |
| threonine | ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG | UGA, UGG, UGU, UGC |
| tryptophan | TGG | ACC |
| tyrosine | TAT, TAC | AUA, AUG |
What is the anticodon for tRNA?
An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence complementary to that of a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. An anticodon is found at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule.
What are the two steps of protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus.
What is the process protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. In translation, the instructions in mRNA are read, and tRNA brings the correct sequence of amino acids to the ribosome.
What is an example of protein synthesis?
When protein synthesis is taking place, enzymes link tRNA molecules to amino acids in a highly specific manner. For example, tRNA molecule X will link only to amino acid X; tRNA molecule Y will link only to amino acid Y. Messenger RNA is synthesized in the nucleus using the DNA molecules.
Why is protein synthesis a two part process?
Protein synthesis is a two-part process because it allows for more precise control.
What is the site of protein synthesis in the cell?
Ribosomes